Parent-Child Relationship Essay -- Self Esteem, Struggle for Control

Parents play a major role in the development and the life of a child. According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology, raiseing practises is universal beca commit of three park goals ensuring childrens health and safety, preparing children for life as amentiferous adults and transmitting cultural values. Although, the modern days inventions as well as peers pressures are affecting childrens behavior,however parents that are not overly controlling can use these traits to develop their children for the good. Perhaps this is why Amy Tans story, Two Kinds, is so interesting. This story helps us to better understand relationships between parents and children by showing us how parents struggles for control with their children, why parents fight child for control, and why parents cannot control their children , but can only guide them.To begin with, Two Kinds, helps us to better understand relationships between parents and children by showing us how parents struggles for control with th eir children. First, Amy Tan, a second -generation Chinese describes parents and children using position and control to get their inescapably and wants met. She demonstrates that as children grow, they try to gain power in order to get control over their lives. For example in the story her mother believed that she could be anything in America. Consequently, she wanted her to become a prodigy. Amy would come upon tests from her mother every night. However, she was frustrated with every test and the drive inside her began to vanish as she decided to be disobedient to her mother. And then I byword what seemed to be the prodigy side of me because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl complete(a) b... ...hild development may help parents give children choices to help parents give children choices to help them develop their guidelines as they matures. However, parents need to father responsibility for the choic es they make. Excessive control is not a forced decision. With the adequate public information and dedication, parents can guide their children to become productive citizens. When a parent confront an obstinate child, all it takes is for her not to take it personally, or overreact by saying abusive things, giving her severe punishments or physically painful sensation the child. Work CitedTan, Amy. Two Kinds. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G.Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. eighth ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2013. 687-695. print.Kazdin, Alan E., Phd. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 8, March 2000. Parent-Child Relationship Essay -- Self Esteem, Struggle for ControlParents play a major role in the development and the life of a child. According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology, parenting practises is universal because of three common goals ensuring childrens health and safety, preparing children for life as productive adults and transmitting cultural values. Although, the modern days inventions as well as peers pressures are affecting childrens behavior,however parents that are not overly controlling can use these traits to develop their children for the good. Perhaps this is why Amy Tans story, Two Kinds, is so interesting. This story helps us to better understand relationships between parents and children by showing us how parents struggles for control with their children, why parents fight child for control, and why parents cannot control their children , but can only guide them.To begin with, Two Kinds, helps us to better understand relationships between parents and children by showing us how parents struggles for control with their children. First, Amy Tan, a second -generation Chinese describes parents and children using power and control to get their needs and wants met. She demonstrates that as children grow, they try to gain power in order to get control over their lives. For example in the story her mother believ ed that she could be anything in America. Consequently, she wanted her to become a prodigy. Amy would take tests from her mother every night. However, she was frustrated with every test and the drive inside her began to vanish as she decided to be disobedient to her mother. And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring b... ...hild development may help parents give children choices to help parents give children choices to help them develop their guidelines as they matures. However, parents need to take responsibility for the choices they make. Excessive control is not a forced decision. With the adequate public information and dedication, parents can guide their children to become productive citizens. When a parent confront an obstinate child, all it takes is for her not to take it personally, or overreact by saying abusive things, giving her severe punishments or physically hurting the child. Work CitedTan, Amy. Two Kinds. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G.Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 8th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2013. 687-695. print.Kazdin, Alan E., Phd. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 8, March 2000.

Entertainment: Fun or Influential Essay -- Media Women

The Greeks seemed to believe that merriment was meant to provide a person with an outlet to relieve stress. Such an assumption would lead one to believe that the form and contentedness of entertainment is a matter of personal choice. However, entertainment has the underlying current of influencing what is normal and acceptable in society. Furthermore, culture is affected to the point of unsavory entertainment permeating the lives of those who avoid such forms of entertainment. sport is not merely a personal choice. Entertainment is an instrument of influence on society.Young girls experience stardom and be forever changed by the experience. Sometimes the change leads them in a positive direction and other times it leads them in an opposing negative direction. In shoot down Her, Baby, One to a greater extent Time, Traiste states Britney Spears embodies the disdain in which the culture holds its young women the desire to sexualize them while young, and to degr ade and punish them as they get older (Traiste 431). Spears embarked on her journey into entertainment as an innocent young girl. However, over time she evolved into a tainted, dim reflection of her former self. It would seem that even her parents played a role in her spiraling downfall as she struggled to remain in the limelight. Tabloids cherished the young star. However, they ripped her to pieces as her life began to plunge into an abyss. Certainly, there is a high-pitched price to be paid to when one compromises.Spears popularity influenced the actions of young girls who may have seen her as a role model. It most likely would not have been deleterious for young girls to follow in her footsteps in her early days of success. In contrast, continuing to mimic her ac... ...en they produce movies that depict Blacks and Asians in stereo typical roles that are demeaning. Furthermore, they affect how society views individuals and how those individuals are treated, because they shape culture with the movies they produce. People may embark into the world of media for fun and relaxation, but the reality remains that the media shapes their views and beliefs in the process. Entertainment is not just for fun. Furthermore, entertainment shapes the morals and values of people and the value placed on people.Works CitedJackson, Samuel L. In Character. Latterell, Catherine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin, 2010. 455-457.Steritt, David. Face of an Angel. Latterell, Catheine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin, 2010. 451-454.Traiste, Rebecca. Hit Her, Baby, One More Time. Latterell, Catherine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin, 2010. 431-434.

Mathildes Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassants The Neckl

Mathildes Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassants The Necklacemany people born into the middle to lower class of society come to accept their lot in life and make the best of it, Mathilde, the main caseful in Guy de Maupassants short story, The Necklace, is non one of these people. Mathilde felt that she was attractive and that fate must have made a mistake in parturition her into a family that could not provide a suitable dowry for a proper marriage. This situation left her with no choice but to marry Mr. Loisel, a minor clerk. Although many would think that Mathilde would have come to accept her lot in life, she never did as time passed she dreamed to a greater extent roughly the things she lacked, became more discontent with the things that she did have, and she even became manipulative and inconsiderate towards her husband.As a child Mathilde lived a unbiased life with her family of clerks and copyists, and as a wife she lived a simple life with her husband, thus M athilde?s excuse for her insatiable craving for expensive and luxurious things was destiny. ?She was one of those pretty and charming women, born, as if by error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists? (paragraph 1). Mathilde dreamed about ?large, silent anterooms, decorated with oriental tapestries and lighted by high bronze floor lamps, elegant valets in short culottes dozing in armchairs chthonian forced-air heaters. She dreamed about large drawing rooms draped in expensive silks, with fine end tables on which where placed knickknacks of inestimable value, and she dreamed of exquisite private rooms designed for tte--ttes? (paragraph 3). A glamorous household was not all that Mathilde dreamed about, ?she dreamed of expensive banquets with shining place settings, and smother hangings portraying ancient heroes and exotic birds in an enchanted forest. She imagined a gourmet prepared main course carried on the most beautiful dishes, and whispered gallantries which she wo uld gain vigor with a smile as she dined on the pink meat of a trout or the wing of a quail? (paragraph 4). When Mathilde was not busy daydreaming about the things that were lacking in her life, she was busy complaining about the things that she did possess. Mathilde never once considered that she was fortunate because she owned furniture, she considered herself unfortunate because the furnishings that she did own wer... ...obligations, did business with finance companies and the whole federation of tribes of loan sharks. He compromised himself for the reminder of his days, risked his signature without knowing if he?d be able to honor it? (paragraph 94). Thanks to Mathilde and her desire to save face and not seem irresponsible to her friend, Mrs. Forrestier she and Mr. Loisel were forced into a true life of poverty.After going through such hardship and trial, such as heavy house work, dirty kitchen jobs, hand-washing the laundry, taking the garbage out, carrying water up the stai rs, haggling and defending each penny (paragraph 99) Mathilde still did not learn her lesson. She did not learn to be satisfied with what she had and be grateful proof of this is evident when she says that ?sometimes when her husband is at work. She sits down near the window, and dream of that evening so long ago, of that party, where she had been so beautiful and admired? (paragraph 103). One has to wonder what it would take for Mathilde to realize that maybe her destiny was not to be rich, envied and sought after as she so a lot dreamed, maybe her destiny has been fulfilled, and she?d exactly where she?s supposed to be in life.

Mad Cow Disease Journal Entry :: Pesonal Narrative Diary disease Essays

imbalanced Cow Disease Journal EntryJanuary 6th, 2004 Garden Grove, California Dear Journal,Mother has just gotten back from the grocery store. Shes loading up the refrigerator with chicken, fish, and eggs--no red meat once again. Oblivious to the complaints about father saying the risk to human health from Mad Cow Disease is low and that he has got to have his meat. What can I say? A man has got to have his red, red meat. It has only been little than a year since the World Reference Laboratory has confirmed that a cow killed in Alberta, Canada was tested positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) also cognise as Mad Cow Disease among the public. But that was not the news program that got mother going through red-meat paranoia. This past Christmas, it was found that a cow in Washington of the US of A, was positive for mad cow. If my word dissection is correct, the complaint can be broken down to enceph meaning the brain and pathy meaning infirmity.* Overall, it is a disease that turns the brain into a sponge-like chunk of meat.At first, the only time I have heard of the Mad Cow Disease was in my European archives class and it was only a brief sentence that was spoken about it, but boy, what a sentence it was. It seems as though during the 1980s, to save money, Great Britains ranchers began to flux grounded up dead animals (who have died from disease) to their cattle. Now isnt that disgusting? Not only was it disgusting, but cows are herbivores and basically altering their diet like that caused the Mad Cow Disease to develop. When symptoms of the disease started to show, well, the government banned the use of dead animals as fodder and killed off the cows that were predicted to have Mad Cow. Now, I was thought to myself, thats not so bad, right? What harm can this disease do? But being one of my bad characteristics, I spoke too soon. This disease has a human form called Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). One of the main forms o f getting it is by eating BSE-infected meat from cattle. Are you ready for some bad news? Well, symptoms of the disease include muscle spasms, distorted walking ability, memory problems, having a hard time controlling muscles, etc.

Moby Dick :: essays research papers

The classical selection by Herman Melville, Moby Dick focused on the significance of one mans regression over a murderous white whale. As if the central plight of Captain Ahab was not enough of an obstacle to over stimulate, the piece is thus composite by the Captains mystique. The already complex situation was made more dramatic with the inclusion of Ishmaels interpretation of Ahabs record , Moby Dicks predominant influence and the mellow white birds that seemed to shadow Moby Dick at every step along the way as a moth to fire.The somewhat fearful Ahab played the greatest role on the ship. Whether dealing with the tedious chores of maintaining the ship or the neverending search for truth and redemption through the destruction of Moby Dick. Ahab somewhat possesing demonic qualities, struggled to contain the evil within his inner self thus controling the earths stairway to heaven. The captains great obsession ,Moby Dick led to the loss ofhis legs as well as his wings.The great wh ale, Moby Dick was the seas most feared and hunted creature.Moby has come across to Ishmael and the rest of the crew of the Peqoud, as a white god. Able to crush ships when provoked, how many times the inhabitants of the worlddisrupt nature to gather their obsessions as did the whalers to Moby Dick causing his rage.Moby Dick was better left alone, like perfect things made by the hands of God should be.The sight of the great masher of the sea ,as it was known to the inhabitants of thewhailing industry, was easily spotted with the appearance the white birds. Those whitebirds were forever bound to the whale, their white God. Their souls in the embrace ofMoby , were the not so free souls taken by the whale. They helped serve as a

Moby Dick :: essays research papers

The classical selection by Hermilitary personnel Melville, Moby Dick focused on the significance of one mans obsession over a murderous white whale. As if the central plight of Captain Ahab was not enough of an obstacle to overcome, the piece is thence complicated by the Captains mystique. The already complex situation was made more dramatic with the inclusion of Ishmaels interpretation of Ahabs character , Moby Dicks predominant influence and the mellow white birds that seemed to shadow Moby Dick at every step along the way as a moth to fire.The somewhat fearful Ahab played the commodiousest role on the ship. Whether dealing with the tedious chores of maintaining the ship or the neverending search for truth and redemption finished the death of Moby Dick. Ahab somewhat possesing demonic qualities, struggled to contain the evil within his inner self thus controling the earths stairway to heaven. The captains prominent obsession ,Moby Dick led to the loss ofhis legs as well as his wings.The great whale, Moby Dick was the seas most feared and track down creature.Moby has come across to Ishmael and the rest of the crew of the Peqoud, as a white god. Able to crush ships when provoked, how many times the inhabitants of the worlddisrupt personality to fulfill their obsessions as did the whalers to Moby Dick causing his rage.Moby Dick was better left alone, like perfect things made by the hands of God should be.The sight of the great beast of the sea ,as it was known to the inhabitants of thewhailing industry, was easily spotted with the appearance the white birds. Those whitebirds were forever bound to the whale, their white God. Their souls in the embrace ofMoby , were the not so innocent souls taken by the whale. They helped serve as a

Love is Pain Essay

Then almighty Juno, pitying her long agony and annoying dying, sent Iris down from heaven to release her struggling soul from the prison of her flesh. The Aeneid, Book 4, line 693 In Book four of the Aeneid, the selection narrates the tragic story between the protagonist of the story, Aeneas and Dido, the queen of Carthage. Although Aeneas and Didos relationship only spans a small chapter in the entirety of the Aeneid, it still represent striking themes on deport it away, betrayal, and omnipotent interference of the gods in the affairs of human beings. The story of Aeneas and Dido is a classic symbolism of go to bed the man, compelled by duty, sheds cacoethes that he could never sustain while the woman scorns for her downcast state yet finds retri howeverion with death as she escapes her earthly prison full of pain and anguish. After the death of her husband, Dido swears that she go out not marry again. However, the interference of Venus and her son Cupid causes the love of D ido for Aeneas to grow as she listens to his tragic tales. Didos sister Anna consoles the queen and reassures her that by marrying Aeneas, Carthages array power will increase since Trojan warriors loyal to Aeneas will follow him. Juno, the wife of Jupiter and the goddess of marriage, sees that Didos love for Aeneas has consumed her and plots to prevent Aeneas from going to Italy. Juno convinces Venus to aid her into acquiring Dido and Aeneas together so that they could be alone together. Juno promises a storm so that they could take shelter in a cave.In doing so, the Trojans and Tyrians would forge a armistice and the twain goddesses will end their squabble. The following day, the queen of Carthage and the Trojan warrior leave the city to go hunting. In the middle of the forest, Juno set abouts down the promised storm and the couple takes mental home under a cake. The two enjoy a moment together and openly declare their love for each other as they returned to Carthage. Dido c onsiders their experience together as a married couple yet to be consecrated in ceremony. Meanwhile, rumors spread around the mismanaged city that couple submitted themselves to lust and began to neglect their duties as rulers. Jupiter learns of the situation of Dido and Aeneas and sends Mercury to convey a message to Aeneas to remind him of his duty and must immediately leave for Italy. Aeneas is shocked but obeys the command. Yet he is in dilemma compelled by his divine responsibilities, he is left to think by himself on how would explain his leave to Dido. Aeneas commands his men to secretly prepare the ship for exhalation but Dido catches him in the act. Didos anger is unexplainable as she began to insult Aeneas and accusing him for stealing her honor. Aeneas is mangled by regret, yet he pushes aside his stimulated burden for his greater responsibility with fate. Dido sends her sister Anna to persuade Aeneas to stay, but the Trojan warrior has made up his mind. Amid a period of distress, love, and anger, the queen appears one day silence and replete and quietly orders her sister to start a abscond the courtyard. By starting a fire, she can get rid of Aeneas memory by ardent all his clothes and things that he left. Didos grief causes her a sleepless night while Aeneas dreams of Mercury again and sends him another message that he has lingered alike long and must leave soon. With this, Aeneas leaves the city of Carthage. The queen sees Aeneas fleet depart and falls into emotional disrepair. Running to the roaring flames burning all their memories together, she turns it into her own funeral pyre. In her grief, she takes a sword and stabs herself while cursing the departing Aeneas. Her sister and their servants run up to the dying Dido and Juno takes pity and sends Iris to redeem Didos struggling soul from her mortal prison. Dido and Aeneas story of love is only for a brief moment as Aeneas leaves for Italy, leaving Dido behind. As implied by the introdu ctory modulations, Dido is already disunite between her emotions and punter judgment as early as her relationship with Aeneas begins to grow. But the queen, long since smitten with a grievous love-pang, feeds the wound with her lifeblood and is wasted with fire unseen (IV, 1). Her fibre is put to the test between the coming of Aeneas and the recent death of his husband.The use of lifeblood in the sentence implies that Dido already hides her emotional scars and attempts to restart a revolutionary life. Dido mentions, He who first linked me to himself has taken away my hear may he keep it with him, and guard it in the grave (IV, 6). Dido engulfs herself in her own grief, denying her change in rekindling love and an opportunity for happiness. It can be deduced from the passage that she has suffered a number of painful experiences with love and has lost the will to love again.Consequently, the goddess Juno sees Didos love for Juno grows to a point that it could kill her Soon as the l oved wife of Jove saw that Dido was held in a passion so fatal, and that her good name was now demote to her frenzy (IV, 90). This means that her love for Aeneas was true and real, so true that if ever she has her heart broken again, it would cause her a tragic death. Dido already gave all her love to a man who she knew in herself that she would love forever. Didos tragedy is reflected her own love she was unable to see past the consequences of the choice she was making because of her already sorry state. With help of Juno and Venus, Didos love grows and plans to set the couple alone during the hunt. The goddesses plan may be mistaken as pity in the case of Dido but she is only a distraction for Aeneas to not embark on his journey. Dido and Aeneas are unaware of this ploy and enjoy happiness for a short period of time. As the couple goes hunting, Dido and Aeneas finally have the time to be alone together as they shelter themselves in a cave against a violent storm.The two make lov e and Dido is satisfied and happy for no more is Dido swayed by fair show or fair fame, no more does she dream of a secret love she calls it marriage and with that name veils her sin (IV, 160). Dido at last experiences true happiness and Aeneas feels the corresponding for her. Their love was no longer a playing field of suspicion and their acts in the cave made Dido feel that they were already married and only to be officialized by a formal ceremony. For a brief moment of time, Dido and Aeneas find happiness with each other, finally separating themselves from their tragic lives even though only quantified with physical pleasure. However, Aeneas receives a message from Jupiter to remind him of his duty to Italy. He is torn with regret. He burns to fell away and quit that pleasant land, awed by that warning and divine commandment. Ah, what to do? With what speech now dare he approach the frenzied queen? (IV, 279). Aeneas tragic sign falls under his burden of fate but not of choice. Aeneas immediately considers his divine responsibility without each choice of disregarding his duty. He is bound to his fate without means of escape. Based from his initial reaction, he immediate thinks on how to address his fate to Dido, who is hopelessly in love with him. Dido, upon hearing of the news, flies into a maddening rage and confronts Aeneas False one Did you really hope to cloak so foul a abhorrence and to steal my land in silence? Does neither our love restrain you, nor the pledge once given, nor the doom of a cruel death for Dido? (IV, 305).Her love causes her madness, torn between the idea of her kingdoms fate without a strong army and her blinded love for Aeneas. It can be observed in the passage that she cannot contain her emotion anymore and says what she truly feels. Aeneas, in turn, replies Now, too, the messenger of the gods sent from Jove himself I swear by both our lives has borne his command down through the swift breezes my own eyes saw the god in th e clear light of day come within our walls and these ears drank in his words. Cease to inflame yourself and me with your complaints. It is not by my wish that I make for Italy (IV, 331).Aeneas is compelled by his duty and tries to explain his situation to Dido, making her understand. Dido, enraged by her loved and fear, retorts Truly, this is work for the gods, this is care to vex their mollification I detain you notYet I trust, if the righteous gods have any power, that on the rocks midway you will drain the cup of vengeance and a lot call on Didos name. Though far away, I will chase you with murky brands and, when chill death has severed soul and body, everywhere my sub shall haunt you (IV, 362). Didos love causes her uncontrollable rage and he imparts Aeneas a haunting thought for him before leaving. Clearly, she is angered over this development and curses Aeneas from being inexorable in his quest. She even favors her sister to persuade the Trojan hero from leaving as a last resort. In the end, Dido prays for her death. She instructs her sister to construct a fire that would burn all her memories of Aeneas clothes, weapons, armor, etc. I want to destroy all memorials of the abhorred wretch, and the priestess to directs (IV, 474). Driven by madness of love, regret, and bitterness, she throws herself into the pyre and stabs herself with Aeneas sword. Aeneas has the greatest tragedy as a character. He spurns the love of Dido, compelled by his duty to Jupiter and his quest to Italy. After a night thinking about Dido, he falls asleep and in his dream, he sees the messenger of the gods hastening him with his journey. Without any other thought, he calls his men and leaves the ports of Carthage that same night. He feels no remorse or regret as shown in this passage then indeed Aeneas, scared by the sudden vision, tears himself from sleep and bestirs his comrades.Make haste, my men, awake and man the benches Unfurl the sails with speed A god sent from naughty heaven again spurs us to hasten our flight and cut the twisted cables The same zeal catches all at once with hurry and scurry they have quitted the shore the sea is hidden under their fleets lustily the churn the foam and sweep the blue waters (IV, 571). Aeneas cares nothing about his feeling or his emotions once the divine gods imperiously command his return. He is more fearful of his life and fate rather than his love for Dido. For Dido, her most tragic trait was her selfless love for Aeneas. She did not once waver in her love, yet she was driven by madness. After a fruitful experience with Dido, she viewed their relationship beyond physical pleasure. Aeneas in like manner felt exactly the same way, but he considered his duty before love. Consequently, Didos painful and bitter remark represented her regret, anger, and sorrow at the same time At least, if before your flight a child of yours had been born to me, if in my hall a baby Aeneas were playing whose face, in spite of all, would bring back yours, I should not think myself utterly vanquished and forlorn (IV, 305).This is probably her ultimate sacrifice and the cause of her eventual downfall. Dido was ready to establish a new life with Aeneas. Yet, after all her love and sacrifices, she feels betrayed by Aeneas sudden departure. She feels a mixture of fear, anger, sorrow and hopelessness in her part. The passage implies her most tragic trait torn by love yet a memory of him survives in form of his child is alive to remind her of a tragic and painful love from the past.Works CitedVirgil. Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid. trans. Fairclough, H. Loeb Classical Library Volumes 63 & 64. Cambridge, Mass Cambridge University Press, 1916.

Retailing in India: The impact of hypermarkets Essay

1. How might a hypermarket located in India appeal to consumers and orient them to shop in larger stores? The trick lies in differentiating themselves from topical anesthetic kirana stores. If a hypermarket is offering same fruits, a customer will obviously prefer kirana store over the hypermarket because of the convenience and long years of service. Turning shopping into an experience should be the differentiating factor. This can be done by understanding the consumption basket of a consumer in an area, introducing new products in the hypermarket along with the oldish ones, having products catering to latest fads and fashions, and helping and assisting customers at every step of buying process. Also, promotions and discounts aligned with holidays and festivals would be a good way to appeal consumers.2. Is the Indian regimes willingness to spend $500 billion to improve the nations infrastructure good news for international retailers? Why or why non? The Indian governments wil lingness to spend $500 billion to improve infrastructure is certainly good news for international retailers, because a good infrastructure helps stores to decrease their costs and improve profits.3. Identify the main changes that mark Indian consumers. How can international retailers learn more about Indias youthful demographic? More than half of Indias current population is younger than 25 years. collectable to the jobs created by IT and services boom, young consumers have more disposable income. Due to the ever growing education scenario, students are also rising as a very important consumer class. Nuclear working families have less eon to shop.International retailers can study trends of migration of people of Indians origin, understand changing demographics in rural and urban areas due to urbanization of towns and up-gradation of villages, study penetration of retail product organizations in various markets and indigenous competition, and create models that include best pra ctices of kirana stores that appeal

Call Center Sample Sheet

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Auto Warranty Expired pay per call offer Avoid supernumerary Auto Costs Is your manufacturers auto warranty about to expire or expired? Is Your Car Under 10 Years Old with Less than 1 00k Miles? CALL NOW to Get an Extended Auto Protection PlanPayout $10. 00 per call if in_region and during_hours and connect_duration 1 min 30 sec. Devry University pay per call campaign Get customer on the phone and give them the 800 to call. Customer must call the 800 themselves. this is not a live transfer, customer must dial the 800. Payout $15 per lead where customer is on the phone with Devry for at least 2 min (120 seconds) or more. Payments are monthly net 20. Hours Mon-Fri 800 am to 900 pm (all quantify Central) CollegeandTuition. com reproduction Call Transfer Campaign 1 (Feb 20 Launch date) EDU live call transfer campaign.Get paid $15-$20 per lead. Each student could be submitted up to 4 schools so you get paid each time their information is submitted to a school. 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Our inbound transfers are focused on the following degrees and programs business, criminal justice, IT, health administration (not Nursing), and medical billing. Online and Campus. Target USA Payout $9. 00 per call if connect_duration 1 min. Hours Mon-Fri 800 am to 800 pm, Sat 900 am to 200 pm (all times Mountain) Lawsuit Cas h Advance Campaign People who are involved in a lawsuit but have not settled lawsuit. Great for subprime data. Get 5% of cash advance loan amount. Most loans are $2,000 to $5,000 and get funded within 72 hours. Paid weekly. cipher TV campaign Outbound call then Live Call transfer to Direct TV, 24/7 operation. Base $1. 00 per call if in_region and pressed1 and connect_duration 3 min Bonus $6. 00 per call if connect_duration 15 minBonus $7. 00 per call if connect_duration 20 min DIRECTV packages start at $29. 99/month for 12 months and a Free Whole theme Upgrade with a two year agreement. Free HD (requires choice Xtra package or above and auto bill pay. ) DIRECTV delivers satellite-based television and broadband services to over 18 million US customers in homes and businesses. With our electronic program guide, digital video recorder (DVR) services, interactive features, HD programming and quality customer service, DIRECTV continues to offer consumers a superior alternative to c able and a superior offering for affiliate partners.DIRECTV subscribers enjoy access to over 285 channels of 100% digital picture and sound, liquid ecstasy programming and the most comprehensive collection of sports programming available anywhere, including NFL SUNDAY TICKET To-Go and MLB EXTRA INNINGS. Payments are monthly net 20. suitcase Network Campaign Live call transfers. $7 per call if over 2 minutes. Take advantage of the best value in entertainment with DISH Network from DISH 2 U Reach your customer base with all the latest promotions, including FREE Movie Channels FREE Multi-Sport Pack Featuring Red Zone smash hit Movies IncludedFREE HD for carriage FREE DVR FREE Installation up to 6 Rooms Switch to DISH Network and Save Over $800 With packages starting as low as $19. 99/mo and next day installs available, there is something for everyone from DISH Network Payments are monthly net 20. www. iCheckLoan. com payday loan outbound campaign, rev-share 70% to the call center. Get customer on the phone, give customer a pin number and have the customer go to iCheckLoan. com to complete the loan application. Payments are weekly net 7. www. 2500CreditLine. com Get paid $10 per sign up. No credit checks and No turndowns.Payments are weekly net 7. Customer get a $2,500 obtain line of credit and a Dollar for Dollar Rewards Prepaid MasterCard. If customer rig $100 on their MasterCard, they will get another $100 put on the card = $200 The instant credit line costs the customer $99. 95 one-time sign up fee. Credit line has 0% interest, no APR, no finance charges or late fees. Debt Settlement Campaign No Up Front Fees to Customers. Inbound campaignyes inbound campaign. Experienced Debt Settlement call centers only. Take our inbound live calls where customer is on phone and wants more info on Debt Settlement services.Get customer to eSign contract. $100 payout per customer whos first payment clears. Commissions Paid Weekly. Psychic Live Reading Campaign $20 per si gn up. Target is all English and Spanish speaking countries. Call center get customer on the phone and fill out form online. Customer then must check their email to confirm registration and lower limit payment of $27. 99 to join. Payments are monthly net 30. Credit Repair Call Transfer Campaign customers have $10,000 or less in Debt, not considering Bankruptcy, typically have been declined for some type of loan recently.Payments are Monthly. Mon-Fri 600 am to 1000 pm Sat 700 am to 200 pm (all times Mountain) Base $3. 00 per call if duration = 10 min and during_hours and in_region Bonus $6. 00 per call if duration 20 min and during_hours Bonus $50. 00 per call if = Funded Sale Payments are monthly net 20 TheLawyerDirectory. com Free Legal Case Review $10 per lead for Bankruptcy, Divorce, DUI/DWI, Criminal Defense. $20 per lead for Personal Injury. Fill out forms online. Payments are monthly, net 20. The Car Donation Pay Per Call Affiliate Program Base $10. 0 per call if during_h ours and in_region and connect_duration 2 min and pressed1 Bonus $10. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 4 min and pressed1 Bonus $10. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 6 min and pressed1 Call Transfer Hours Mon-Fri 800 am to 600 pm (all times Eastern) Target Regions All US A car donation is one of the most effective ways to get the most value out of your old or ancient vehicles. At Car Donations Charity we can help you maximize your tax deduction and make sure your car does the most good.The process is simple and convenient, and we will help you through every step of the process, from the pickup to the delivery of the tax deductible receipt. Its never been easier to donate your car to a charitable organization. Payments are monthly net 20 Health Insurance Pay Per Call Campaign Outbound call then live transfer. Let us befall you the right insurance plan. We are able to find the best rates from Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Humana, Aetna and other insurance providers. Payout Base $3. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 1 min 30 sec, Bonus $15. 0 per call if connect_duration 5 min 30 sec. Target Regions California, Colorado, Nevada Hours Mon-Fri 900 am to 500 pm pst. California base Insurance Pay per call Let us find you the right home insurance plan. We are able to find the best rates from Mercury, Progressive, Safeco, Travelers, and other insurance providers. We are taking calls from California residents looking for homeowners insurance. Payout $10. 00 per call if connect_duration 2 min and during_hours Hours Mon-Fri 900 am to 500 pm (all times Pacific)Target Regions California Canda Life Insurance PayPer call Call now to receive your free, no obligation, no medical exam life insurance quote LSM Insurance is Canadas leading provider of no medical life insurance. We have been in business over 18 years and work with the largest insurance carriers in Canada including Manuli fe Financial, Canada Life, RBC Insurance and BMO Insurance. Payout $5. 00 per call if in_region and during_hours and connect_duration 1 min and pressed 1 Target Region Canada Debt Collection Harassment Phone Verified LeadsCall center will fill out form online and submit leads during hours of operation listed. Payout $5 per lead USA Residents Offers Coming Soon RateChecker. com Complete Free Quote Portal offering all types of loans, insurance, and other types of financial information. Pure Lead Gen campaigns for online, offline and call centers. DiabeticCareTaker. com Diabetic Medicare Lead Gen Campaign Auto Warranty Lead gen live call transfer. Call center makes outbound calls to potential customers who want to extend their auto warranty that is expiring or will expire soon.Payments are twice a month. Home Security Campaign Lead gen live call transfer campaign where people are interested in getting a Free home security system installed. Customer only pays monthly fee, the equipm ent is free. Payments are once a month. Dont see something you already have data for Please let me know 1. What campaigns you are interested in 2. I have the scripts and guidelines to assist with each program. 3. Send your company info as well for an Insertion order. Thank you, Scott Thompson, CEO Astoria Company, LLC. emailprotected com Skype affiliatescott

Youth Sub Culture

explore on contributing factors to ostracise Research on Contributing Factors to Negative callowness Subculture and Preventing It 26 November 2012 T adequate of Contents Introduction3 Youth inescapably Met In Subculture3 Supporting Youth Before Negative Subculture Does7 Conclusion9 Introduction Youth subculture is a subculture by early dayss with distinct styles, behaviors and interests. It offers a particular culture to the young person who ar looking for many unrivalled or some group that they rat identify with. The characteristics of the early days subculture differs, it can be expressed through their fashion, speech style, perception and kindly groups.Lots of times the younker subculture can be around a certain type of music. There be many kinds of youth subculture out at that place that resign youths to not only identify with it but to to a fault normalize their expressions harmonise to the subculture they identify with. Some subcultures cultivate the youths to e xpress themselves artistically, such as punk, hip-hop, graffiti, beat boxing, cheerleading and savage some normalize their expression of identity, corresponding gangs, nerds, obsession with a sports team, and Emos (Wood, 2003).However, the danger is when youths atomic number 18 twisting in negative subculture like gangs, punk, Goth, hooligans, or even Emos these subcultures forget nurture an antisocial behavior that cause harm to self or others. Around the ages, ten to sixteen years old, they atomic number 18 experiencing a lot of natural, ablaze, cordial and social changes, thus these are few of the contributing factors to the interest of subculture that will be discussed later on in this paper. This paper will study more or less the contributing factor and effects of the ever-changing negative youth subculture and how ease them.Youth Needs Met In Subculture Daniel Seigel (2001) communicates that a persons identity is shaped ground on the interaction of how a persons kinship is harnessed and made sense in the brain. At age of a teenager, a youth, according to Erikson (Stevens, 2008), is in a stage, which a baby is n all a child nor an adult. Life gets more complex as there is an inner desire to blast to create their let identity. Therefore they struggle with social interactions and test their own moral issues.They have a strong desire to be separated from their own family in order to explore and to identify themselves as an individual but deep protrude inside, there is a want for that protection of the boundaries willd by the family. Youths are constantly in conflict with themselves let alone with their family and friends. The search is continuous until the inner self is satisfied. It is during this period (Hardy & Laszloffy, 2005) which makes this stage of life insecure to negative youth subculture.Without the right race supporting the youth, they tend to end up with role confusion. Thus, how these youth make sense of their identity (Sei gel, 2001) is based on how people crap relationships with them. Building relationships is to feed the needs of the inner desire of a person. The subculture provides the needs that a youth crave for which cannot be found in the home. Due to that agreement some youths are drawn to a specific subculture. There are a lot of psychological factors that negative subculture provides to the seeking youth which will be discussed in this paper.Subcultures are different from country to country because youths are still very much dependent on the social-economic and political influence of the area that they are in. The social-economical and political influence youths indirectly through the structure of the family and they can as well influence them directly (Falk & Falk, 2005). For example, the political issue of family control like practicing the once child policy in China in 1978 and advocating the Stop at Two policy in Singapore in 1975, affects the parenting method towards their children.C ontrolled by the government on childbirth, these children became more precious (Settles & Sheng, 2008 Ang & Dion H, 2006), therefore the parenting methods changes to help their children to perform at their best. Some parents become more authoritarian to see the children perform substantially in the society, besides it is also one of the emotional neglects. Inside, they are filled with rage, despair and hopelessness in self so when the youth finds the negative subculture that provides the emotional needs that the youth yearns for, they take comfort in the new subculture this child has found.Negative subcultures that appeal to these youth are mainly gangs (Kirby, et al. , 2000). The negative subculture encourages these youth to foot up and fend for them selves, to be resilient by going against the wishes of the family and be rebellious towards authority. With the building of these habits in them, the child will slowly develop antisocial behavior like pick out Disorder (CD), Opposi tional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).In contrary of this, there is the other parenting effect such as over protective and folly attitude towards their children. This causes the other kind of subcultures, namely bullies and bimbos. These youths looks and expects the social circle that they are in to give them the same protection, fame and attention that they have gained in their home. The rich, spoilt and florid or smart and sporty kind attracts a certain group of youth who desperately wants the same privilege in the clique and submit to these youths.Some of the subculture derived from these can be positive if the value of the subculture is healthy, for example sports group that believes building healthy lifestyles can build the youths self confidence, self awareness and physical fitness. However if the sports group is about building fame, the youth will strive hard to fit in for fame and will develop antisocial behavior like Conduct Disorder (CD). Suc h negativism in a subculture will lead these youth to develop a chance of depression and risk. Economics is also one of the contributing factors in subculture. It affects the rich and the poor.Nowadays most youths will try all means and ways to earn money (Haenfler, 2006). Survey mentioned that some youths, workings part time to earn money, some demand from their parents and some work in gangs selling drugs, sex, pirated or illegal items, and even through selling of stolen legals. Research from 1979 till 2009 found that gangs who address the financial needs in a youth are commonly found in either the middle split up or the lower class families all over the world (Falk & Falk, 2005) (Williams, 2007) (Wood, 2003) (Kirby, et al. , 2000) (Hardy & Laszloffy, 2005) (Haenfler, 2006).The biggest contributing factor to a youth is the family. Having a family in Singapore is not chinchy the cost of living in Singapore is high. An household income of a basic needs for a family in 2011 is 35 % for a mid-income family with compensation of $2000 $3999 The 39% of the salary is spend on childs basic education 4% goes to Central forethoughtful Fund Board (CPF) 75% of the salary earned by are contributed to these parts and parents worked very hard just to send them for tuition (Perception of Policies in Singapore Survey (POPS)(2) Survey on Marriage and Parenthood (M7P) bundle 2008, 2011)(MSS Monthly Payment, 2012).Due to the high demand of living expenses in Singapore, Parents must work very hard to earn a living in Singapore and some parents from that group will have a high tendency to neglect the childs emotional needs (Ng, Ho, & Ho, 2011). Although some hire maids to help provide basic needs to the family like cleaning, cooking and to attend to the youth, there are some youths who still feel neglected because the maids do not chthonicstand their needs. These children will then turn to gangs around their neighborhood.Some youth come from broken families like abuse, gan gs, addicts and homosexual some youths come from families that are made up of single parent, intermixture and ideal parents. Families play an important role in providing that security, hump, attention and boundaries that a youth need during the search for their identity. When all these needs are met, it develops a heartfelt and secure child-parent attachment (Bowlby, 2006). When any of these are lacking, and are not found from the supportive environment such as school and social table services, these youths are vulnerable to be drawn into negative youth subcultures.They will fit themselves according to the youth subculture that gos their craving needs. In Singapore, negative youth subculture that these youth could fit themselves into either Goth, gangs, addicts and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQI). It can also happen to youth who comes from an ideal family like the case of Ted Bundy who was executed in 1989 (Michaud & Aynesworth, 2 000) Education and tender are another character in developing subculture. Singapore has very high standards in terms of education and is well known or their high achievers. It is known to be one of the most drilling education systems in the world. Therefore, youths who are not able to catch up and score good grades are easily put down socially. If a particular group of youths, who are smart, straight A achievers, studies very hard, whose primary hobby is to study or has high IQ are considered nerds. Although this subculture was not created by them but it was label by those who do not have that ability to produce remarkable results (Falk & Falk, 2005).There are the other extreme end who considered themselves as failures for they are not able to achieve results expected from them and are constantly being put down by schoolmates finds security in gangs. Gangs are able to normalize the expectations people have on them and to create new expectations that are achievable and against peop le who hurt them (Hardy & Laszloffy, 2005). Socially, youths want to be identified, thus there are also a lot of stress in the social game play known as peer pressure. Youth are constantly under peer pressure. There are a lot of social and moral values that are being tested in friendships.Some youths are able to stand firm on their own values and make appropriate choices, however there are some youths who are dependent on their friends. They can be so dependent on their friends that they are afraid to loose them therefore they become easy targets for manipulation and are easily pushed into undesirable subcultures (Falk & Falk, 2005) (Bowlby, 2006). The similarities of all the youth subcultures posses are to provide a protective environment, giving these youths an identity, autonomy and distinctiveness. In return of being in the subculture, they also require youths to be committed and accountable to the leader.However the downside of it is the existing force of peer pressure, the deg rees of pressure differs from each subculture, and to perform and meet expectations. The difference between a subculture and a negative subculture is that the subculture has the potential to support the well being of the youth but the negative subculture has the potential to develop antisocial behavior, depression and risks. Supporting Youth Before Negative Subculture Does The Singapore government silent the need to support the well being of the youths because these youths are the next generation that will succeed the current generation.Many studies were made to understand the sociology of youth subcultures in Singapore. They also recognize the growth of the diverse subcultures and are fully aware about the negative subcultures impacting youths. There are a total of 1,082,300 youths in Singapore in 2011. 3. 3 out of 1,000 youths are sexually active and are married under parental consent due to pregnancy, and the juveniles (Youth Statistic in Brief 2011, 2011) and youth-at-risk who are arrested are 4,174 youth.Singapore has also stepped up to give ample services and support to youths so that they will deviate from the negative subcultures that are active in Singapore. Ministry of Social and Family ontogenesis (MSF) has come forward with a system for youths who are ODD and CD. They are given a second chance by going through counselor Program, for offending youth and Beacon Works or Pre Complaint Counseling for youth Beyond Parental Control before charging them (Management of Juvenile Delinquency in Singapore, 2010).Singapore has provided a lot of support in helping the youths to either stay away from negative youth subcultures or to help youths detach from it. Some service supports provided to these youth are Youth Care Corners, National Youth Council program, Teen Challenge, Beyond Social Service and ConcernSg. They provide subcultures like creative arts, sports and gaming administrate by social workers. The other supports that can help the youths stay away from negative youth subcultures are family involvement. It is important to understand the youths love language in order to fill up their love tank.Studies shown that the foundations of developmental pattern in a child are how parents build good child-parent relationship and good child-parent relationship develops a secure attachment (Bowlby, 2006). Parents are also able to understand their youth and who they are because parents are very much involved in building relationships with the youth. It is crucial at this point because youths are looking for their identity based on their relationship with people around them. The decisions made by the youths are also very much based on the relationship between people and them because relationship shapes their mindset.Therefore to build a youth of resilient and good values are very much based on family (Seigel, 2001). There are a few steps that are commonly practiced in bringing up a youth. One of them is to find common interests between you a nd your youth. If there is no common interest, at least be interested in their interest. Through common interest, the youth finds connection and a voice to express their thoughts. Aspire your youths interest and tap on their motivation to figure because interest adds enjoyment to life (Hurlock, 2001).Talk to them like and adult, and discuss matters calmly so that the youth can understand your point of view. Piagets theory on cognitive ability is in two parts the period of sensorimotor intelligence and the period of conceptual intelligence. This helps a person to mature in the development of understanding. So before your youth are able to understand you, you must first understand them by listening through non-judgmental conversation and then advise them fittingly from your understanding. Such processes helps youths to harness the development of understanding maturely (Ang & Dion H, 2006) (Falk & Falk, 2005).Social development and adjustment is also crucial for them. Their social ci rcles are ever changing, thus the only people that are constant in their social circles are normally their family members. The other step is to participate in their social relationship. Get to know their friends, allow them to appoint their experience and feelings about their friends. You will find that some of their friend will change depending on the interest and maturity of understanding between them. As the youths meet social expectations, they tend to have difficulty in learning how to be approved.Here parents are encouraged to support them in values that are being instilled. eulogy them for overcoming their challenges and get them to talk about their challenges and walk with them though it (Stevens, 2008) (Seigel, 2001) (Hardy & Laszloffy, 2005). The last and the most important part of the youths growth is their physical development. At this age, there are hormonal changes, physical changes and because of the media influence of a size zero figure, and most youths either have obesity or anorexic disorder. As parents, help them to love themselves by regulating their emotion.Emotional balance can be controlled in two ways, control the environment, providing positive environment, and the other is to help the youth develop emotional tolerance. You can help your youth to release pent-up emotional energy by giving space for the youth to calm down after emoting negative emotions and talk about their feelings and generate ways to cope negative emotions (Hurlock, 2001) (Bowlby, 2006) (Falk & Falk, 2005). Emotional balance is essential so that they are able to cope with hurtful speech communication hurled at them because of their physic.Help them to cope with the emotions of growing up, and to look at themself from a positive point of view. When youths are happy they tend to appreciate the uniqueness of himself or herself as an individual. Conclusion Singapore provides lots of parenting programs such as Parenting with Confidence by Focus on the Family, Parenting Seminars by Ed Unloaded and organizations such as Ministry of Social and Family Service. Singapore has stepped up in advocating good parenting styles because they acknowledge that it will determine and help steer youths away from negative youth subculture.It also builds resilience in the youths to stand up and fend for themselves when other youths from negative youth subcultures approaches them. Therefore it is important of us to keep ourselves abreast with the youth culture and help our youth to make wise choices before participating in any youth subculture. REFERENCES Williams, J. P. (2007). Sociology Compass. Youth-Subculture Studies Sociological Traditions and Core Concepts , 572-593. Wood, R. T. (2003). The Straighedge Youth Sub-Culture Observation on the Complexity of Sub-Cultural Identity. Journal of Youth Studies , 6 (1), 33-52.Youth Statistic in Brief 2011. (2011, November 2). Retrieved from National Youth Council Singapore http//www. resourceportal. nyc. sg/nycp/nycp. por tal? _nfpb=true&_pageLabel=static_resourceswlp_static_resources Ang, R. P. , & Dion H, G. (2006). Contemporary Family Therapy. Authoritation Parenting Stle in Asia Societies A Cluster-Analytic Investigation , 28 (1), 131-151. Bowlby, J. (2006). A punch Base. New York Routledge . Falk, G. , & Falk, U. A. (2005). Youth Culture and the Generation Gap. USA Algora Publishing. Hurlock, E. B. (2001). Child Development. Singapore McGraw-Hill International Edition.Haenfler, R. (2006). Straight Edge. USA Rutgers University Press. Hardy, K. V. , & Laszloffy, T. A. (2005). Teend Who Hurt Clinical Interventions to Break the Cycle of young Voilence. London The Guilford Press. Kirby, M. , Kidd, W. , Koubel, F. , Barter, J. , Hope, T. , Kirton, A. , et al. (2000). Sociology in Perspective (AQA ed. ). Oxford Reed Educational & Professional Publishing Ltd. Ng, I. Y. , Ho, K. W. , & Ho, K. C. (2011). Class, Family Environment and Youth Social Participation Evidence form Singapore. National Universit y of Singapore, surgical incision of Social Work.Singapore National University of Singapore. Management of Juvenile Delinquency in Singapore. (2010, April 14). Retrieved November 24, 2012, from Ministry of Social and Family Development http//app. msf. gov. sg/Publications/ManagementofJuvenileDelinquency. aspx Michaud, S. G. , & Aynesworth, H. (2000, April 1). Ted Bundy Conversations With a Killer The Death Row Interview. MSS Monthly Payment. (2012, November 24). Central Provident Fund Board Saving For Retirement . Singapore. (2011). Perception of Policies in Singapore Survey (POPS)(2) Survey on Marriage and Parenthood (M7P) Package 2008.National University of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew school of Public Policy. Singapore National University of Singapore. Seigel, D. J. (2001). The Developing Mind How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. New York, USA The Guilford Press. Settles, B. H. , & Sheng, X. (2008). One Child Policy and Its Impact on Chinese Families. Delawar e University . Australia XV Wolrd Congress of Sociology. Stevens, R. (2008). Erik H. Erikson Explorer of Identity and the Life Cycle (Rev 1st Edition ed. ). Hampshire Palgrave Macmilan. pic

Measurement of Time Spent Communicating Essay

The amount of succession we spend communicating is outstanding. There have been multiple studies to find the positive amount of our waking lives spent communicating, and the percentage of time we spend in each division of communicating. The article, Measurement of Time Spent Communicating, is the result of a discourse study of employees of a research and development laboratory. The study was based on two techniques direct observation, and questionnaires. How much time do people spend communicating at work? How much time do people spend using machines at work? This useful information can help to mitigate the amount of work done in a certain amount of time. If people spend much time communicating to get a commercial enterprise done, then our communication skills possibly need improvement. The talking people do is related with their work output. The same goes for machinery if we spend more time in person-machine interaction, improving machinery would be the main advance to improv ing jobs.People were observed at one instance in time in chests of one person to flipper people, some at supervisory levels, laboratories, hallways, and conference rooms. The observation data was divided into to groups time spent communicating, and time spent working with equipment. These categories were subdivided in different types of communication activities, including face-to-face communication, telephone communication, reading, and writing, and different types of equipment uses, including lab equipment, office machinery, and an other category. Pre-tests showed the three trained clerks could classify the behavior of the employees reliably. Sampling moments were random and unbiased, only avoiding break time and everyones lunch, and are correspondent to the entire working day.The questionnaires were placed at the desks of all the people in the sampling areas, offices, and laboratories. The questionnaires were pre-tested to make sure the wording was understood, and the request of questions didnt change the results. The employees were to answer seven questions all percentages that should add up to 100% of the working week. The questionnaires that were returned and did not add up to between 90% and one hundred ten% were disregarded. 4,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 2626, or 66%, were returned and usable.Overall, the common results of the observations and questionnaires were recognizable. The observation method is more accurate, and unbiased, so the main differences in the two sets of data are explained by people underestimating the time they spend communicating face-to-face, and overestimating the time they spend reading and writing. The questionnaire and observed data representing how much time is spent speaking on the telephone, working with lab equipment and office machinery, and other were relatively the same. Another observation is that the amount of time spent communicating depends on how many people are in the office.The fewer people, the m ore communication went on. This could be due to the fact that many one or two person offices were supervisory level, and therefore had to communicate to employees more often. All offices prosecute in face-to-face communication more than in laboratories. Although, time spent working with equipment is only 13%, even though the research study universe of discourse is a research and development laboratory. This leads us to the conclusion that communication with people, not equipment, is the center of activity for most professionals, administrators, clerks, secretaries and technicians.

Marketing theory and concepts Essay

Every problem wither its diminutive or big, aim to meet the inevitably of their actual and potential customers. In order for them to do this, they need to fol let out some sort of theory and concept. This assignment will be looking at the marting theory and mart concepts which ar portrayed in the traditional marketing publications, and how they have limited application in guiding small business marketing practice. market plays a vital role not only in developing, producing, and selling products or services, but also in guiding recruiting labors and fostering capital. Although it can be utter that successful entrepreneurs undertake marketing in unusual ways. They mainly rely on interactive marketing methods, which is often communicated through and through word-of-mouth rather than a more traditional marketing mix. Entrepreneurs monitor the marketplace through informal networks rather than formalised market research, and generally see more entrepreneurial approaches to market ing activities. However, depending on the business model, a complex and formalised initial market research can be crucial for a successful market en drive.There are many marketing theories that are used in traditional marketing literature such as Schumpeter (1934) who said that entrepreneurs proactively created opportunity, using innovative combinations which often included creative destruction of passive or lethargic economic markets.According to Schumpeter the role of an entrepreneur is to innovate, and by doing this, you remove the economy from one equilibrium to an opposite. This kind of innovation could come about from one or more introduction of a new product a new method of production the development of a new market the use of new sources of raw material, and the reorganisation of a new industry or its processes. He also distinguished between the entrepreneur and the capitalist. Schumpeter agreed with the fact, that in practice an innovator could also actually be a capitalis t.Another long-familiar theorist next to Schumpeter is Kirzner (1973) who said that entrepreneurs should have a sense of alertness to identify the opportunities in the market and exploit them accordingly . He states Thepure entrepreneur, on the other hand, proceeds by his alertness to disc everywhere and exploit situations in which he is able to sell for high values that which he can buy for low prices. Pure entrepreneur profit is the difference between the two sets of prices. The discovery of a profit opportunity means the discovery of something obtainable for nothing at all. No investment at all is required the free ten-dollar bill is discovered to be already within one is grasps (Kirzner, 1973, 48).The marketing concept has changed importantly over time. In directlys business world the customer is at the forefront, not all businesses in the past followed this concept, as they placed other factors first rather than their customers this is shown as followsProduction Oriented was the focus of the actual business and not the customer needs, as where this has nowadays changed and we can see that it is more focused on customer needs.Production Orientation is when the conjunction believe that they have a superior product, based on quality and features. Due to this mentation the company assume the customers will like it to. In todays market the customers decide as to what product they like.Sales Orientation is the focus where the company makes a product or provides a service, and then sells or offers it to the target market. This causes problems, as consumers may not like what is being offered to them, which is why companies are devising sure that they test their services out, to a small group of the target audience.Market Orientation concept has not actually changed over time, it puts the customers first, as the companies try to understand the needs of the customers by using appropriate research methods. These methods are then developed to make sure informat ion from customers, are fed hold to the company for them to see what the target audience are interested in .SMEs who may adapt the marketing concept or 4Ps do so richly rather than explicitly (Carson and Gilmore, 2000). Jaworski and Kohli, (1990) also commented on the limitations of the marketing concept (p15). Therefore, theSME approach is characterized by networking with stakeholders awareness to customer needs (Gilmore, Carson and Grant, 2001 & heap and Wright, 2001). Which is characterized by the size of these firms and their closeness to customers, (Gilmore, Carson, ODonnell and Cummins, 1999) as well as inexpensive forms of marketing such as word of mouth (Gilmore 1999). It is vital for SMEs to set the 4Ps, target a market and position themselves, but how this is done and planned is an important issue as it helps guiding a small business to success.Differences between traditional market literature and variants produced during the 1960s were mainly attributable to the additi on of concepts popularized during that decade. For example, Cundiff and Still covered an analysis of the 4 Ps of marketing with the concept that marketing is a subsystem of business. (Cundiff, E.W., Still, R.R. 1976)The basic principles of marketing are generally applicable to large and small businesses. Marketing in SMEs has been lie withd as a problematic area for researchers for over 20 years (Chaston and Mangles, 2002 Siu and Kirby, 1998). SME marketing in practice is considered to be mainly done though networking (Gilmore 2001) or a combination of transaction, relationship, interaction and network marketing (Brodie 1997). Recently the use of Internet marketing (Chaffey 2000) or e-commerce (Rayport and Jaworski, 2001) has become popular in all types of businesses including SMEs.Marketing in practice in small firms wait to rely mainly on personal contact networks (Hill and Wright, 2001 Gilmore 2001 Brodie 1997) and is often driven by the particular way a music director does bu siness. According to Gilmore (2001) marketing in SMEs is likely to be chaotic, informal, loose, unstructured, spontaneous, and reactive and conform to industry norms. Gilmore (2001) showed that as a result of networking there was a high level of communication between the SME manager and their competitors then what is unremarkably reported in the marketing literature as well as competing firms may be quite supportive of each other.Similarly, networking with customers usually involves building a relationship with one or two key individuals in those companies. If these individuals were to leave then the relationship the company would break (Gilmore 2001). SME owners must recognize thatbuilding relationships are vital to a companys success and they invest a considerable amount of time and effort in maintaining grievous relations with regular clients (Gilmore 2001). The foundation and existence of an effective networking is concerned with maximizing marketing opportunities and ensuring the enterprises survival and development (Gilmore 2001).Something, which is more important, in todays world, is having a foot in the business market, which is constantly changing to meet customer needs. The tables have been turned on the fortunes of many long-established firms. Its believed that a majority of firms that are in trouble, and those that have failed recently, have done so because they have been let down by their own marketing. Traditional marketing is now being turned. The ideas of marketing and branding strategy that passed for conventional wisdom before do not hold true today. A small but ontogenesis number of innovative firms have adopted completely new and differentiate approaches in marketing, reflecting a clear and unmistakable change in the global culture.In this era of globalisation and the Internet the consumer is behaving in a radically different way and is no longer vulnerable to the overworked ploys of marketing. The present times call for a new competitio n one that strays from the prescriptions that traditional marketing theory holds, that sometimes works in a way that it is counter to it and that lays focus on network-building and puff the customer above all else. Many experienced hands in corporate boardrooms are oblivious to these shifting sands and evolving trends, and are paying the price as a result.In general the basic principles and concepts of marketing are as relevant to SMEs as it is to larger firms, but some theories, tools and techniques of marketing are not as relevant or useful to SMEs. The nature of SME marketing is the concept, which is mainly dominated by the inherent characteristics of the entrepreneur and the SME itself. Although not all small business may take the marketing theories and concepts in to consideration, while carrying out some sort of market research they will have come a across them. They may have limited application in todays marketing world but they do provide the basis for which a business can start their research on which helps guiding them in to the marketing practice. Therefore marketing theories and Conceptsportrayed in the traditional marketing literature has limited application in guiding small business marketing practice although they give the business a rough base to start their market practice.Competition and Entrepreneurship, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and LondonCarson, D. and A. Gilmore, (2000), Marketing at the Interface Not What But How, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 8Kohli, A. K. and B. J. Jaworski, (1990), The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing,(Gilmore, Carson and Grant, 2001 &Hill and Wright, 2001). Gilmore, A., D. Carson and K. Grant (2001), SME Marketing in Practice, MarketingIntelligence and Planning, Vol. 19(Gilmore, Carson, ODonnell and Cummins, 1999) Added value A QualitativeAssessment of SME Marketing, Irish Marketing Review(Cundiff, E.W., Still, R.R. 1976), Fundamental s of Modern Marketing, 2nd ed.)Chaston, I and Mangles, T. (2002) exquisite Business Marketing Management.Siu, W. and Kirby, D.A. (1998) Approaches to small firm marketing A Critique. European Journal of Marketing, vol. 32, no.Brodie, R.J., Coviello, N.E., Brookes, R.W. and Little, V. (1997) Towards a Paradigm Shiftin Marketing? An Examination of Current Marketing Practices. Journal of Marketing Management,Chaffey, D., Mayer, R., Johnston, K. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2000) Internet Marketing. Prentice Hall, Harlow, EnglandRayport, J. F. and Jaworski, B. J. (2001) e-Commerce. McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.Hill, J. and Wright, L. T. (2001) A Qualitative Research Agenda for Small to Medium-sized Enterprises. Marketing Intelligence and Planning,http//www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/ds1998-9.pdfhttps//www.mises.org/journals/scholar/wood.pdfhttp//knight.fcu.edu.tw/gunning/subjecti/workpape/kirz_ent.pdfBooksHandbook of Entrepreneurship Research and Interdisciplinary reexamine and Introduction By Zoltan J Acs, David B

College Pressure Essay

William Zinssers in his essay College Pressure published 1979, describes the atmospheric pressures Yale students have economic, pargonntal, and peer/self- induced. He says that these pressures get to students afraid to take a risk and to try to take different paths. He wants them to believe in themselves and to try to enjoy their time in college. I have been a student at Reedley alliance College for two familys and the pressure I experience as a student and a go are different from that the Yale student experienced. The first pressure that Yale students and I experience is economic pressure.Zinsser explains that in the 1970s tuition, room, and board at most private colleges comes at least $7000 (par. 12). He also explains how much pressure Yale students are beneath, that even if the student works part time during school and full time during the summer, just accrue $5000 in loans after four years, loans that the student must start to repay within one year after graduation (par. 13). Then, Zinsser goes on to say that no matter how hard the student works he or she will be under pressure to pay back all the money he used.I relate to this pressure, but in a very different centering. Although the cost of school for me is relatively low, I have four kids that are away at college. Having four children needing help with tuition and books puts a lot of financial pressure on me as a parent. Also, having six kids in general, three of which are girls, is expensive regardless. The countrys economic disparity has left personal finances tight and puts me under a lot of pressure to make sure my kids have everything that they need and that all bills are paid.another(prenominal) pressure William Zinssers mentions is parental pressure which Yale students and I feel but slightly different . It refers to the summation of pressure students get from their parents. The students are being torn between pleasing their parents and pleasing themselves. Zinssers mentions that pract ically times students are walking to labs as though they are walking to the dentist. (par. 15) Students are taking on majors in a course of study that they do not necessarily like, however, in rank to keep their parents happy they take them on.They are under pressure because they want to please their parents but theyre unhappy they want to do. Because they arent doing what. Because I am an adult this pressure does not really enforce to me. However, I do feel the pressure from my children. My children expect me to get good grades, as well as maintain everything in the house. When dinner is not made on time because of my homework, my children get upset. They also find fault about laundry not being done quickly enough. Although they support me, their expectations of me put me under a lot of pressure.The final pressure that Zinsser mentions is Peer/ self-induced pressure which are a pressure that Yale students and I enforce on us. Students apply unnecessary pressure on them by compa ring themselves to their peers. Zinsser mentions that a student he calls Linda who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbra was much brighter and studied all the time. This student is a perfect example of reservation an unnecessary comparison which stresses her out.This pressure leads to students all over work them-selves. A professor will assign five-page papers. Several students will start writing ten-page papers to impress him. (par. 27). quite of just following the guidelines of an assignment they are trying to shoot above and beyond the requirements. I mass really relate to this pressure because I do add a lot of stress on myself. I immediately assume everyone is doing better than me which makes me work harder, but at the same time it causes me to over work myself.I have to make sure all my kids need are done, and then I stay up late to make sure all my school work is done. This pressure affects me negatively because I add a lot of str ess on myself that does not need to be added. alternatively of focusing on my growth academically. I am forever and a day worried about who is doing better than me in class. A couple of ways I am trying to manage my stress is by making daily and weekly to-do lists and putting the most important at the top and working my way down. Its a great way to manage my time as well.Being that I am a mother of six, my stress level seems like its multiplied by seven and I need to be able to put some of that stress aside and finally focus on my schooling since my oldest is twenty-two and my youngest is thirteen. Another great way I make stresses more manageable is by keeping procrastination to a huge minimum. If work that is assigned gets gradually done before the due date, it wont all pile up the night before causing you to panic. Stress always piles up and it occurs more than any of us would like, but it shouldnt be a causal agent to fail. By overcoming these pressures, we become stronger at the end.

Unilever Strategy for Organising and Structuring Its Global Operations.

Unilever is a complex global governing that has a portfolio of 400 brands, spanning 14 categories in home and personal care and food harvestings. The company has 163,000 employees in the 170 countries within which it operates (Unilever, 2010). Organizations such as Unilever face the challenge of configuring a global structure that works well in diverse locations moreover also brings units together in a coordinated fashion (Shenkar & Luo, 2007, p. 312).Given its wide range of products and the potpourri of countries in which it operates, Unilever has to employ a global organizational system that addresses its global complexity and the diversity of its product portfolio. In its portfolio, there are some product lines that slew be extended to new markets with bitty or no adjustment, while there are others that need to be modified to turn the local preferences. For example, chemical products are highly standardized and require little variation for local markets (Child, 2005, p. 45). Standardization of such products creates economies of scale in production and requires a high level of global coordination and integration (Child, 2005) and centralized R&D. On the other hand, some of Unilevers products, such as packaged foods, require modification to suit local tastes and cultures. There are no production economies of scale for such categories and product development has to be facilitated locally.These factors present two scenarios for the company striving for high global integration in the case where products can be introduced to new markets without modification and striving for high local responsiveness where there is need for modification to meet local preferences. Unilever has to therefore adopt a global organizational structure that addresses the two scenarios. The organization employs a transnational strategy, which is best suited for Unilevers global operations, as it is faced with high drag for both local responsiveness and global integration (Child , 2005, p. 43 Shenkar & Luo, 2007, p. 312). Unilever also uses the transnational strategy to mould its functions. Its sales, distribution and promotional tasks are locally responsive and are decentralized to suit individual markets, whereas the R&D function is globally integrated to leverage learning in the different markets. The transnational strategy enables Unilever to leverage the advantages of low cost in conjunction with the advantages of differentiation. Unilever adopted the transnational strategy mainly in esponse to competition from Procter and Gamble, which was already pursuing a transnational strategy by 1990 (Child, 2005, p. 247). However Unilever is still lag behind P&G, in terms of revenues, marketing and innovation, because it has faced difficulty in reorganizing its activities to meet the requirements of a transnational strategy. The transnational strategy is both demanding and expensive to implement. It also requires a flat hierarchy (Child, 2005, p. 249) and Unile ver has departed through a process of reorganizing its structure through the One Unilever programme, which was launched in 2005.The programme resulted in split up allocation of resources, faster decision-making and a lower cost level (Unilever, 2007) and enables the organization to leverage its scale both globally and locally. References Child, J. (2005) Organisation contemporary principles and practice. Malden, MA Blackwell Publishing, pp. 241-253 Shenkar, O. & Luo, Y. (2007) International business. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. Unilever Website. available from http//www. unilever. com

Handwriting

In my opinion, right-handed girls have more legible handwriting than odd-handed girls. temporary hookup doing my research I wanted to know if you were born with good handwriting, or if you learn that way, so I decided to look it up and help with more research (Handwriting skills for children, n.d.).The science behind my project is the read/ bring through head and how it determines whether you argon left-handed or right-handed.Judging handwriting can be helpful when you look at how they cast of characters their letters, the neatness of the writing, and how they space their letters while writing (Handwriting, July 14, 2017). Handwriting specialists look at the size of the letters, the shape, and if they lurch their letters. They also look at margins, format, and line features (How an Expert Compares Handwriting, n.d.).I noticed in my project that when tribe where on the neat section that they wrote smaller, closser, and they also wrote darker. Also, on the regular section some pe ople wrote bigger and more spaced out. Then on the cursive section they took a little bit continuing because they did not have good education on cursive writing .The hand is made up of many bones that help make handwriting easier. There is 27 bones in just now one of the human hands.There is 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones and 14 find bones. There are held together by joints and ligaments. There are lumbricals in the hand. That includes four thin muscles that incline the metacarpophalangeal joints to extend your fingers. Did you know, that there are 17,000 touch receptors and free nerve endings in the palm of your hand. There are three bones in each of your fingers, but there are only(prenominal) two in your thumb. (How Does The Hand Work?, December 23, 2016)Here are a couple of facts close to the brain, and which fracture controls handwriting. The cerebrum is the part of the brain that controls handwriting, it also controls speech, emotions, vision, and touch. Did you kno w, the right hemisphere of the brain is dominant to the left side of the body and the left hemisphere of the brain is dominant to the right side of the body? Which means when left-handed people write it is the right side of the brain, and vise versa for right-handed people.There is a chance of about 26% that a child will become left-handed if both parents are? 8.6% of women are left-handed in the terra firma (Handedness and the Brain, n.d.). In conclusion, the science behind my project is how the brain controls handwriting. 90% of the world is right handed and only 10% of the world is left-handed.Hand specialist look at many things while looking at peoples writing. Did you know, they even made a day for left-handed people? Doing this project has taught me a lot about left-handed supplies and other interesting things. In my project, I can conclude that right-handed girls have get out handwriting than left-handed girls.

The Mayans †Popol Vuh Summary

The Mayans A Basic Summary on Popol Vuh and Xibalba Information on the Popol Vuh The Popol Vuh is one of the only remaining texts we have of ancient Mayan cultures. It is, for lack of a bust word, their bible. In English its most direct translation is Book of the Mat but it can take into its more meaningful name, Book of the Community. It encompasses a variety of stories and legends as well as a history of the mayan ancestors.Its most famous story is the creation myth of the Hero Twins. This myth explains how two tumble-down twins ventured into the Mayan underworld called Xibalba and defeated the bad Gods and the arrogant Xibalbans people. They then ascended out of Xibalba to the sky where they became the sun and the moon. This admit was an important source of cultural heritage to the Mayan people and the religions they practiced.It explains the importance of Maya as a divine smear and culture, as well as introduces important figures such as the Maize God. After Bishop Diego de Landas obliteration on Mayan literature, it is an extremely valuable source of information. Information on Xibalba Xibalba is to the Mayans what Hell is for us. It translates to something along the lines of, the place of worry. However, it has many important differences.For instance, instead of eternal damnation in one endless fiery face (aka Hell) there are seven chambers. Each chamber is a different challenge or nightmare that you have to face. The Mayans believe a person has five souls, one of which ventures into Xibalba. Depending on how evil you have been depends on how deep into Xibalba your soul goes. Again, the deeper you go, the worse it becomes. Xibalba has cultural significance because it develops the idea of key gods, religions and practices such as the Mayan ballgames.

Portfolio Construction Using Technical and Fundamental Analysis Essay

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the OrganizationSmart Equity Brokers Pvt. Ltd. & Smart practised Brokers Pvt. Ltd. was effected on 1st May 2006 as Smart Equity Brokers Pvt. Ltd., by a unsalted Chartered Accountant, Mr. Arun Khera, permited by Mr. Ravi Raj Jain, both having a rich experience & exposure to capital, derivative & goodness grocery. The Comp both acquired the membership of Bombay Stock Exchange BSE in 2006 shell Stock Exchange NSE in 2006 National Commodity & Derivative Exchange NCDEX in 2003 Multi Commodity Exchange MCX in 2006 Derivatives Segment NSE, Clearing sh ar in 2006 Smart is a full service brokerage ho function providing comprehensive consultatory work to its clients under one roof, enabling you to manage altogether your fiscal involve. We have expertise in advisory services in both cash and derivatives sides of the capital markets.Smart also provides commodity profession through with(p) its group subsidiaries, and is a member of th e MCX and NCDEX. The services argon offered under total confidentiality and integrity with the sole mean of maximizing returns to our customer tush is a mix of institutional, noble net worth, and retail redactors. This diversified base of customers, together with our wide gamut of services, provides us with the necessary st great power and strength to weather the volatility much(prenominal) wear than that of the competitors and also maintain mettlesome standards of customer service takes throughout. Smart pull togethers the support needs of this investor base through execution skills driven by an experient sales team and research-backed advice generated by a team of experienced analysts. Smart advisory services range from investing, trans moveion, research, monetary planning and portfolio management, which ar offered, to a heavy(p) scrap of high net worth individuals and corporate. Mission- To provide research-driven, unbiased investment advise with the objective of achieving sustain subject superior investment returns for our clients. To provide flaw slight execution support to meet diverse client needs on a plat condition of professionalism and integrity.Our Values To be fair, empathetic and responsive in serving our customers.To extol and reinforce our fellow employees and the power of teamwork. To strive relentlessly to remedy what we do and how we do it. To al focal points shit and be worthy of our customers trust.21.2 Introduction of the StudyThis project is being done to construct portfolio of clients with the patron of brothamental and technical analysis. Also analyse their portfolio by valuating those companies where they have already invested exploitation specific valuation model. Then find out whether it is proper(a) judgment of conviction to invest in those companies apply technical analysis. Also calculating the returns they be acquire and show for high(prenominal) return. fundamental abridgment perishs us the id ea what to buy or what to sell, while practiced Analysis tells us the timing when to buy or when to sell. In this project I am mainly focusing on how to provide a holistic view to the clients, specifically HNIs (High Net-worth Individuals), on investing in beauteousness market i.e. blood cable system market. The main motivating of this research is to check whether fundamental analysis and technical analysis together is useful to provide wear out suggestion for investments.1.3 Learning Objectives of the projectTheprojectunderinterpretedduringthe finishofinternshipwasPortfolioConstructionusingFundamentaland technicalAnalysis.Thelearningobjectivesoftheinternship arasfollows- UnderstandingthevariousactivitiesinaBrokingFirm Toget informwiththeallworkingsofonlinetrading Togainpracticalknowledgeinsh atomic number 18tradingTo try outthefinancialmarket&sh armovementsinordertostudyofprospectsofinvestinginaparticular stemma. To go throughtheworkinginthederivativesmarket.1.4 Need of the Pr ojectPortfolio Construction is all about investing in a range of funds that work together to create an investment solution for investors. Building a portfolio involves ground the way various types of investments work, and combining them to address your personal investment objectives and factors such as attitude to take chances the investment and the expect life of the investment. When building an investment portfolio there be deuce actually alpha conside rations. The first is asset al hole, which is concerned with how an investment is spread across different asset types and regions. The mho is fund filling, which is concerned with the choiceof fund managers and funds to fall in still for for each one of the chosen asset classes and sectors. both of these considerations be of the essence(predicate), although academic studies have consistently sh avow that in the medium to coherent term, asset allocation usually has a much larger impact on the variability of a portfoli os return. To help in choosing a3suitable asset allocation we have created a Risk Profiler that helps identify your attitude to stake and therefore interrupt identify a combination of investments to build a portfolio. With such a spacious offspring of investment funds to choose from, spanning the full range of asset classes and world markets it is easy to find confused when choosing which investments to imprint. It is withal more difficult to choose the right combination of investment to potentially meet your investment goals. The tool, which we use so as to build the portfolio, is technical and fundamental analysis.1.5 Scope of Project bound and limitationThe study get out help the organization to know the present condition of the portfolio construction and expectations of the clients towards portfolio The takeness of the clients and to machine portfolio system which is effective for the clients Limitations of the Study This project is being done with the help of histo rical data bid annual disciplines of the smart set. So, the availability of data is the limitation of this project. Also this project needs a lot of time to analyzing data. As the project is based on secondary data, possibility of unauthorized tuition rear end non be avoided. The report is basically is made amidst the horizon of three months and the situation of market is very dynamic so the stopping point or the return might non reflect the true learn.4CHAPTER TWO methodology2.1 Research DesignThe methodologies used for portfolio construction argon technical and fundamental analysis. While constructing the portfolio it was kept in mind that it was basically built for investing purpose.2.2 Data Collection method and instrumentsAll the data, graph and maps atomic number 18 collected from secondary sources. The instruments used are iChart Java application to construct charts and graphs.2.3 Analysis Techniques and ProcedureFundamental analysis is the foundation of solid i nvesting. It helps you determine the underlying health of a company by examining the line of descent core numbers its income statements, its earnings releases, its symmetry sheet, and former(a) indi mountaints of economic health. From these fundamental principle investors evaluate if a seam is under- or over quantifyd. Fundamental analysis begins with an individual stock, but it also extends to that companys larger context. It explores questions standardized these Is the company competitive at heart its industry? Is that industry growing or shrinking, correspondd to early(a) sectors? dispenses of companies with sozzled fundamentals will tend to go up over time, while fundamentally weak companies will check up on their stock impairments fall. This makes fundamental analysis especially valuable to desire-term investors. Fundamental analysis is one indoctrinate of investing research. It contrasts with a nonher popular approach, technical analysis, which focuses not on l ine of business fundamentals but on stock- damage action as reflected in charts. practiced analysts look for recognizable approach var.s in determine charts that will help them estimate the stocks future damage movement. Fundamental analysis helps you determine if a company is a good or poor investment choice. Imagine youre a venture capitalist or a bank, who must decide if that company is worthy of a loan or impartiality investment.How set up you evaluatewhether this particular company de replys your investable capital? Fundamental analysts consider the side by side(p) in do their decision to invest (or not) Is the company making a profit consistently? (While this is naturally the most in-chief(postnominal) question for investors, its principal(prenominal) to consider the answer in a bigger context. A unity profitable quarter for a new company might be a fluke. In the resembling regard, a drop in profitability for an established blue- assay company might save be a t emporary setback.) Is that profit growing or declining over time? Is the company bemuseing its own relative to the competition? Is it a leader in its sector? Is that sector growing or declining in importance to the overall economy? Can the company pay its bills adequately? If you were to dismantle the companys operations to mean solar twenty-four hour period, what would be the intrinsic value of its assets versus the value of its debts?Fundamental Analysis Tools Earnings per Share EPS impairment to Earnings Ratio P/E Projected Earning Growth PEG Price to Sales P/S Price to Book P/B Dividend Payout Ratio Dividend Yield Book Value egest on Equity Earnings per Share EPS The portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Earnings per share serves as an power of a companys profitability. Calculated as5When calculating, it is more accurate to use a weighted honest number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because the nu mber of shares outstanding derriere change over time. However, data sources some quantify simplify the calculation by using the number of shares outstanding at the end of the period. Diluted EPS expands on basic EPS by including the shares of convertibles or warrants outstanding in the outstanding shares number. Price to Earnings Ratio P/E Price/Earnings or P/E ratio is the ratio of a companys share expenditure to its earnings per share. It tells whether the share bell of a company is fairly valued, undervalued or overvalued. Formula P/E Ratio = good Share Price Earnings per ShareCurrent share terms is obtained from secondary markets like BSE, NSE, etc. while EPS is work out as (net income minus pet dividends)/weighted average number of shares outstanding. Leading and Trailing P/E Ratio If the EPS is the figure for the sure period the P/E ratio is called trailing P/E ratio. For better analysis the EPS should be the one expected to prevail in the next reporting period, say next year. P/E ratio calculated based on expected P/E ratio is called leading P/E and is a more meaning(prenominal) estimate of the companys justified P/E ratio. Analysis If the justified P/E calculated using dividend discount analysis is higher than the flowing P/E ratio the share is undervalued and should be purchased. If the justified P/E is set out than P/E ratio the share is overvalued and should be sold.Projected Earning Growth PEG6A stocks value to earnings ratio divided up by the growth rate of its earnings for a specified time period. The price/earnings to growth (PEG) ratio is used to determine a stocks value while taking the companys earnings growth into account, and is considered to provide a more complete picture than the P/E ratio. While a high P/E ratio exsanguinethorn make a stock look like a good buy, cipher in the companys growth rate to get the stocks PEG ratio throw out tell a different story. The inflict the PEG ratio, the more the stock may be unde rvalued given its earnings performance. The calculation is as follows (P/E ratio)/Annual EPS Growth Price to Sales P/S Investors are always seeking ways to compare the value of stocks. The price-to-sales ratio(Price/Sales or P/S) provides a simple approach take the companys market capitalization (the number of shares figure by the share price) and divide it by the companys total sales over the one-time(prenominal) 12 months. The lower the ratio, the more attractive the investment. As easy as it sounds, price-to-sales provides a useful esteem for sizing up stocks. But investors need to be mindful of the ratios potential pitfalls and affirmableunreliability.Dividend Payout Ratio Dividend payout ratio is the ratio of dividend per share divided by earnings per share. It is a beatnik of how much earnings a company is paying out to its shareholders as compared to how much it is retaining for reinvestment. Formula Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend per Share Earnings per ShareDividend payout ratio stub also be calculated as total dividends divided by net income. Analysis A shareholder has two sources of return, namely periodic income in the form of dividends and capital appreciation. Dividend payout ratio tells what percentage of total earnings the company is paying back to shareholders. A florid dividend payout ratio leads to investor confidence in the company. Plowback ratio (also called retention rate) is equals 1 payout ratio and it equals the earnings retained divided by total earnings for the period.7Book Value 1. The value at which an asset is carried on a balance sheet. To calculate, take the cost of an asset minus the accumulated depreciation. 2. The net asset value of a company, calculated by total assets minus intangible assets (patents, goodwill) and liabilities. 3. The initial outlay for an investment. This number may be net or gross of expenses such as trading costs, sales taxes, service charges and so on. Also known as net book value (NBV). s ire on Equity Return on uprightness or return on capital is the ratio of net income of a business during a year to its stockholders equity during that year. It is a measure of profitability of stockholders investments. It shows net income as percentage of shareholder equity. Formula The formula to calculate return on equity is ROE = Annual Net Income add up Stockholders EquityNet income is the after tax income whereas average shareholders equity is calculated by dividing the sum of shareholders equity at the beginning and at the end of the year by 2. The net income figure is obtained from income statement and the shareholders equity is found on balance sheet. You will need year ending balance sheets of two square financial years to find average shareholders equity. Analysis Return on equity is an heavy measure of the profitability of a company. Higher values are generally favorable meaning that the company is economical in generating income on new investment. Investors should compare the ROE of different companies and also check the stylus in ROE over time. However, relying solely on ROE for investment decisions is not safe. It can be artificially influenced by the management, for example, when debt financing is used to digest share capital there will be an annex in ROE even if income remains constant.Technical Analysis can be defined as an art and science of forecasting future prices based on an examination of the past price movements. Technical analysis is not astrology for predicting prices. Technical analysis is based on analyzing current train-supply of commodities, stocks, indices, futures or any tradable instrument. Technical analysis involve putting stock in organisation like prices, passels and undefendable interest on a chart and applying various patterns and index fingers to it in order to assess the future price movements. The time ring in which technical analysis is applied may range from intra mean solar sidereal mean solar day lighttime (1-minute, 5-minutes, 10-minutes, 15-minutes, 30-minutes or hourly), daily, weekly or periodic price data to many years. There are essentially two methods of analyzing investment opportunities in the protection market viz fundamental analysis and technical analysis. You can use fundamental in brass like financial and non-financial aspects of the company or technical information which misss fundamentals and focuses on actual price movements. The basis of Technical Analysis What makes Technical Analysis an effective tool to analyze price behavior is explained by following theories given by Charles Dow Price discounts everything Price movements are not totally random What is more important than why CANDLE CHARTS What is a chart? Charts are the working tools of technicalanalysts. They use charts to plot the price movements of a stock over specific time frames. Its a graphical method of show where stock prices have been in the past.8A chart gives us a complete picture of a stocks price history over a period of an hour, day, week, month or many years. It has an x-axis ( level) and a y-axis (vertical). Typically, the x-axis represents time the y-axis represents price. By plotting a stocks price over a period of time, we end up with a pictorial representation of any stocks trading history. A chart can also depict the history of the volume of trading in a stock. That is, a chart can illustrate the number of shares that change hands over a indisputable time period. Candlesticks Formation Candlestick charts provide visual insight to current market psychological science. A standard standard examine holder displays the open, high, low, and sloppeddown prices in a format similar to a modern-day bar-chart, but in a manner that extenuates the relationship between the enterprisingness and end prices. Candlesticks dont involve any calculations. for each one see holder represents one period (e.g., day) of data. The figure given on a lower floor displays the elements of a cadmium.9, A candle holder chart can be created using the data of high, low, open and closing prices for each time period that you want to display. The hollow or filled portion of the candlestick is called the carcass (also referred to as the real body). The long thin lines preceding(prenominal) and below the body represent the high/low range and are called behinds (also referred to as wicks and tails). The high is marked by the top of the upper berth shadow and the low by the so-and-so of the lower shadow. If the stock tauts higher than its openingprice, a hollow candlestick is drawn with the bottom of the body representing the opening price and the top of the body representing the closing price. If the stock cozys lower than its opening price, a filled candlestick is drawn with the top of the body representing the opening price and the bottom of the body representing the closing price.Each candlestick provides an easy-to-decipher picture of price acti on. Immediately a trader can see and compare the relationship between the open and reason as come up as the high and low. The relationship between the open and close is considered vital information and forms the essence of candlesticks. Hollow candlesticks, where the close is greater than the open, indicate buying pressure. Filled candlesticks, where the close is less than the open, indicate selling pressure. Thus, compared to traditional bar charts, many traders consider candlestick charts more visually appealing and easier to interpret.10Why candlestick charts? NIFTY (Daily) Candlestick Chart What does candlestick charting offer that typical Western high-low bar charts do not? Instead of vertical line having horizontal ticks to identify open and close, candlesticks represent two-dimensional bodies to depict open to close range and shadows to mark days high and low. For several years, the Japanese traders have been using candlestick charts to track market activity. eastern analy sts have identified a number of patterns to determine the continuation and switch of panache. These patterns are the basis for Japanese candlestick chart analysis. This places candlesticks rightly as a part of technical analysis. Japanese candlesticks offer a quick picture into the psychology of of a sudden term trading, studying the effect, not the cause.Applying candlesticks means that for short-term, an investor can make confident decisions about buying, selling, or holding an investment. Candlestick analysis wholeness cannot ignore that investors psychologically driven forces offear greed and hope greatly influence the stock prices. The overall market psychology can be tracked through candlestick analysis. More than just a method of pattern recognition, candlestick analysis shows the interaction between buyers and sellers. A fresh candlestick indicates opening price of the posing being below the closing price and a mordant candlestick shows opening price of the seance b eing preceding(prenominal) the closing price. The shadow at top and bottom indicates the high and low for the session.11Japanese candlesticks offer a quick picture into the psychology of short term trading, studying the effect, not the cause. Therefore if you combine candlestick analysis with other technical analysis tools, candlestick pattern analysis can be a very useful way to select entry and exit points. unity candle patterns In the terminology of Japanese candlesticks, one candle patterns are known as comprehensive lines. There are two types of umbrella lines the dangling man and the malleus. They have long lower shadows and elegant real bodies that are at top of the trading range for the session. They are the simplest lines because they do not necessarily have to be spotted in combination with other candles to have some validity. shaft and dangling military personnel Hammer Hanging Man Candlesticks Hammer Hammer is a one-candle pattern that occurs in a down thin when bulls make a mavent to step into the rally. It is so named because it hammers out the bottom.The lower shadow of hammer is tokenish of twice the length of body. Although, the colour of the body is not of much significance but a bloodless candle shows slightly more bullish implications than the scurrilousness body. A positive day i.e. a sporting candle is required the next day to confirm this indicate. Criteria The lower shadow should be at to the lowest degree(prenominal) two times the length of the body. There should be no upper shadow or a very secondary upper shadow. The real body is at the upper end of the trading range. The color of the body is not important although a egg washrag body should have slightly more bullish implications. The followingday needs to confirm the Hammer symptom with a strong bullish day. repoint enhancements 1. The long-acting the lower shadow, the higher the potential of a retrogression occurring. 2. Large volume on the Hammer day in creases the chances that a blow off day has occurred. 3. A gap down from the forward days close sets up for a stronger reversal move provided the day after the Hammer signal opens higher. mannikin psychology12The market has been in a down front, so there is an air of plunk forishness. The price opens and starts to trade lower. However the sell-off is abated and market returns to high for the day as the bulls have stepped in. They start bringing the price back up towards the top of the trading range. This creates a depleted body with a large lower shadow. This represents that the bears could not maintain crack. The long lower shadow now has the bears questioning whether the even out is still intact. chip would be a higher open with yet a still higher close on the next trading day. Hanging man The hanging man appears during an uptrend, and its real body can be either forbidding or white. While it signifies a potential top reversal, it requires confirmation during the next tradi ng session. The hanging man usually has little or no upper shadow. Soybean Oil-December, 1990, Daily (Hanging Man and Hammer)13Dow Jones Industrials-1990, Daily (Hanging Man and Hammer) shaft star andinverted hammer Other candles similar to the hanging man and hammer are the shooting star, and the inverted hammer. Both have small real bodies and can be either b lack or white but they both have long upper shadows, and have very little or no lower shadows. change Hammer Description Inverted hammer is one candle pattern with a shadow at least two times greater than the body. The small body identifies this pattern. They are found at the bottom of the declinewhich is deduction that bulls are stepping in but still selling is going on. The color of the small body is not important but the white body has more bullish attributes than a black body. A positive day is required the following day to confirm this signal.Signal enhancements 1. The longer the upper shadow, the higher the potentia l of a reversal occurring. 2. A gap down from the earlier days close sets up for a stronger reversal move.143. Large volume on the day of the inverted hammer signal increases the chances that a blow off day has occurred 4. The day after the inverted hammer signal opens higher. Pattern psychology After a downtrend has been in effect, the atmosphere is bearish. The price opens and starts to trade higher. The Bulls have stepped in, but they cannot maintain the strength. The existing sellers knock the price back down to the lower end of the trading range. The Bears are still in control. But the next day, the Bulls step in and take the price back up without major confrontation from the Bears. If the price maintains strong after the Inverted Hammer day, the signal is confirmed. sense experiences A small real body that gaps away from the large real body forward it is known as star. Its still a star as long as the small real body does not overlap the preceding real body. The color of t he star is not important. Stars can occur at tops or bottoms. Shooting star Description The Shooting Star is a single line pattern that indicates an end to the uptrend.It is substantially identified by the presence of a small body with a shadow at least two times greater than the body. It is found at the top of an uptrend. The Japanese named this pattern because it looks like a shooting star falling from the sky with the tail trailing it.Criteria 1. The upper shadow should be at least two times the length of the body. 2. Prices gap open after an uptrend.153. A small real body is formed near the lower part of the price range. The color of the body is not important although a black body should have slightly more bearish implications. 4. The lower shadow is virtually non-existent. 5. The following day needs to confirm the Shooting Star signal with a black candle or better yet, a gap down with a lower close. Signal enhancements 1. The longer the upper shadow, the higher the potential o f a reversal occurring. 2. A gap up from the previous(prenominal) days close sets up for a stronger reversal move provided. 3. The day after the Shooting Star signal opens lower. 4. Large volume on the Shooting Star day increases the chances that a blow-off day has occurred although it is not a necessity. Pattern psychology During an uptrend, the market gaps open and rallies to a new high. The price opens and trades higher. The bulls are in control. But sooner the close of the day, the bears step in and take the price back down to the lower end of the trading range, creating a small body for the day.25 This could indicate that the bulls still have control if analyzing a Western bar chart.16However, the long upper shadow represents that sellers had started stepping in at these levels. until now though the bulls may have been able to keep the price positive by the end of the day, the evidence of the selling was apparent. A lower open or a black candle the next day reinforces the fa ct that selling is going on.Two candles pattern bullish engulfing A bullish engulfing pattern consists of a large white real body that engulfs a small black real body during a downtrend. It signifies that the buyers are overwhelming the sellers EngulfingBullish engulfing Description The Engulfing pattern is a major reversal pattern comprised of two opposite colored bodies. This Bullish Pattern is formed after a downtrend. It is formed when a large17white candlestick that completely eclipses the previous day candlestick follows a small black candlestick. It opens lower that the previous days close and closes higher than the previous days open. Criteria 1. The candlestick body of the previous day is completely overshadowed by the next days candlestick. 2. Prices have been declining definitely, even if it has been in short term. 3. The color of the first candle is similar to that of the previous one and the body of the second candle is opposite in color to that first candle. The only e xception being an engulfed body which is a doji.Signal enhancements 1. A small body being covered by the larger one. The previous day shows the trend was running out of steam. The large body shows that the new statement has started with good force. 2. Large volume onthe engulfing day increases the chances that a blow off day has occurred. 3. The engulfing body engulfs absorbs the body and the shadows of the previous day the reversal has a greater probability of working. 4. The probability of a strong reversal increases as the open gaps between the previous and the current day increases. Pattern psychology After a decline has taken place, the price opens at a lower level than its previous day closing price. Before the close of the day, the buyers have taken over and have led to an increase in the price above the opening price of the previous day. The emotional psychology of the trend has now been altered. When investors are learning the stock market they should utilize information t hat has worked with high probability in the past.Bullish Engulfing signal if used after right(a) training and at proper locations, can lead to highly profitable trades and consistent results. This pattern allows an investor to improve their probabilities of been in a correct trade. The common sense elements conveyed in candlestick signals makes for a clear and curt trading technique for beginning investors as well as experienced traders. bearish engulfing A bearish engulfing pattern, on the other hand, occurs when the sellers are overwhelming the buyers. This pattern consists of a small white candlestick with short shadows or tails followed by a large black candlestick that eclipses or engulfs the small white one.Bearish Engulfing1819Piercing The bullish counterpart to the dark cloud cover is the penetrative pattern. The first thing to look for is to spot the piercing pattern in anexisting downtrend, which consists of a long black candlestick followed by a gap lower open during t he next session, but which closes at least halfway into the earlier black candlesticks real body. Description The Piercing Pattern is peaceful of a two-candle formation in a down trending market. With daily candles, the piercing pattern will often end a minor downtrend (a downtrend that lasts between six and fifteen trading days). The day before the piercing candle appears, the daily candle should have a fairly large dark real body, signifying a strong down day.Criteria 1. The downtrend has been translucent for a good period. 2. The body of the first candle is black the body of the second candle is white. 3. A long black candle occurs at the end of the trend. 4. The white candle closes more than halfway up the black candle. 5. The second day opens lower than the trading of the prior day. Signal enhancements 1. The reversal will be more pronounced, if the gap down the previous day close is more. 2. The longer the black candle and the white candle, the more forceful the reversal. 3 . The higher the white candle closes into the black candle, the stronger the reversal. 4. Large volume during these two trading days is a significant confirmation.Pattern psychology20The atmosphere beseems bearish once a strong downtrend has been in effect. The price goes down. Bears may move the price even further but before the day ends the bulls enters and bring a dramatic change in price in the opposite direction. They finish near the high of the day. The move has almost negated the price decline of the previous day. This now has the bears concerned. More buying the next day will confirm the move. Being able to utilize information that has been used successfully in the past is a much more workable investment strategy than taking shots in the dark.Keep in mind, when you are given privileged information about stock market tips, where youare in the food chain. Are you one of those privileged some that get top-notch pertinent information on a timely manner, or are you one of the mickle that feed into a frenzy and allow the smart money to make the profits? Bearish Harami In up trends, the harami consists of a large white candle followed by a small white or black candle (usually black) that is within the previous sessions large real body.Description Bearish Harami is a two candlestick pattern composed of small black real body contained within a prior relatively long white real body. The body of the first candle is the aforementioned(prenominal) color as that of the current trend. The open and the close occur inside the open and the close of the previous day. Its presence indicates that the trend is over. Criteria 1. The first candle is white in color the body of the second candle is black. 2. The second day opens lower than the close of the previous day and closes higher than the open of the prior day. 3. For a reversal signal, confirmation is needed. The next day should show weakness. 4. The uptrend has been apparent. A long white candle occurs at the end o f the trend. Signal enhancements 1. The reversal will be more forceful, if the white and the black candle are longer. 2. The lower the black candle closes down on the white candle, the more win over that a reversal has occurred, despite the size of the black candle.Pattern psychology21The bears open the price lower than the previous close, after a strong uptrend has been in effect and after a long white candle day. The longs get concerned and start profit taking. The price for the day ends at a lower level. The bulls are now concerned as the price closes lower. It is becoming evident that the trend has been violated. A weak day after that would entice everybody that the trend was reversing. Volume increases due to the profit taking and the addition of short sales.Bullish Harami A candlestick chart pattern in which a large candlestick is followed by a smaller candlestick whose body is located within the vertical range of the larger body. In downtrends, the harami consists of a larg e black candle followed by a small white or black candle (usually white) that is within the previous sessions large real body. This pattern signifies that the immediately preceding trend may be concluding, and that the bulls and bears have called a truce.Description The Harami is a commonly observed phenomenon. The pattern is composed of a two candle formation in a down-trending market. The color first candle is the uniform as that of current trend. The first body in the pattern is longer than the second one. The open and the close occur inside the open and the close of the previous day. Its presence indicates that the trend is over.22The Harami (meaning pregnant in Japanese) Candlestick Pattern is a reversal pattern. The pattern consists of two Candlesticks. The first candle is black in color and a continuation of the existing trend. The second candle, the little belly sticking out, is usually white in color but that is not always the case. Magnitude of the reversal is affected by the location and size of the candles. Criteria 1. The first candle is black in body the body of the second candle is white. 2. The downtrend has been evident for a good period. A long black candle occurs at the end of the trend.3. The second day opens higher than the close of the previous day and closes lower than the open of the prior day. 4. Unlike the Western in spite of appearance Day, just the body needs to remain in the previous days body, where as the Inside Day requires both the body and the shadows to remain inside the previous days body.5. For a reversal signal, further confirmation is required to indicate that the trendis now moving up.Signal enhancements 1. The reversal will be more forceful if the black candle and the white candle are longer. 2. If the white candle closes up on the black candle then the reversal has occurred in a convincing manner despite the size of the white candle. Pattern psychology After a strong down-trend has been in effect and after a selling day, the bulls open at a price higher than the previous close. The shorts get concerned and start covering. The price for the day finishes at a higher level. This gives enough poster to the short sellers that trend has been violated. A strong day i.e. the next day would convince everybody that the trend was reversing. Usually the volume is above the novel norm due to the unwinding of short positions. When the second candle is a doji, which is a candle with an almost non-existent real body, these patterns are called harami crosses. They are however less reliable as reversal patterns as more indecision is indicated.23Doji Doji lines are patterns with the same open and close price. Its a significant reversal indicator.The Importance of the Doji The perfect doji session has the same opening and closing price, yet there is some flexibility to this rule. If the opening and closing price are within a few ticks of each other, the line could still be viewed as a doji. How do you decide whet her a near-doji day (that is, where the open and close are very close, but not exact) should be considered a doji? This is infixed and there are no rigid rules but one way is to look at a near-doji day in relation to recent action. If there are a series of very small real bodies, the near-doji day would not be viewed as significant since so many other recent periods had small real bodies. superstar technique is based on recent market activity.If the market is at an important market junction, or is at the mature part of a bull or bear move,or there are other technical signals sending out an alert, the appearance of a near-doji is interact as a doji. The philosophy is that a doji can be a significant warning and that it is better to attend to a false warning than to ignore a real one. To ignore a doji, with all its inherent implications, could be dangerous. The doji is a distinct trend change signal. However, the likelihood of a reversal increases if subsequent candlesticks confirm the dojis reversal potential. Doji24sessions are important only in markets where there are not many doji. If there are many doji on a particular chart, one should not view the emergence of a new doji in that particular market as a meaningful development. That is why candlestick analysis usually should not use intra-day charts of less than 30 minutes. Less than 30 minutes and many of the candlestick lines become doji or near doji Doji at tops A Doji star at the top is a warning that the uptrend is about to change. This is especially true after a long white candlestick in an uptrend. The reason for the dojis negative implications in uptrend is because a doji represents indecision. Indecision among bulls will not maintain the uptrend. It takes the conviction of buyers to sustain a rally. If the market has had an extended rally, or is overbought, then formation of a doji could mean the scaffolding of buyers support will give way. Doji are also valued for their ability to show reversal potential in downtrends. The reason may be that a doji reflects a balance between buying and selling forces. With ambivalent market participants, the market could fall due to its own weight. Thus, an uptrend should abolish but a falling market may continue its descent. Because of this, doji need more confirmation to signal a bottom than they do a top. What are support and resistance lines? supporting and resistance represent key junctures where the forces of supply and demand meet.These lines appear as thresholds to price patterns. They are the respective lines which stops theprices from lessen or increasing. A support line refers to that level beyond which a stocks price will not fall. It denotes that price level at which there is a sufficient amount of demand to stop and possibly, for a time, turn a downtrend higher. Similarly a resistance line refers to that line beyond which a stocks price will not increase. It indicates that price level at which a sufficient supply of stock is available to stop and possibly, for a time, head off an uptrend in prices. social movement lines are often referred to as support and resistance lines on an angle.Support A support is a horizontal floor where interest in buying a commodity is strong enough to surmount the pressure to sell. Support level is the price level at which sufficient demand exists to, at least temporarily, staunch a downward movement in prices. Logically as the price declines towards support and gets cheaper, buyers become more inclined to buy and sellers become less inclined to sell. By the time the price reaches the support level, it is believed that demand will overcome supply and keep the price from falling below support.25Support does not always hold true and a bring on below support signals that the bulls have incapacitated over the bears. A fall below support level indicates more willingness to sell and a lack of willingness to buy. A break in the levels of support indicates that the expectat ions of sellers are reducing and they are ready to sell at even lower prices. In addition, buyers could not be coerced into buying until prices declined below support or below the previous low. Once support is broken, another support level will have to be established at a lower level ITC showing support and resistanceResistance26A resistance is a horizontal ceiling where the pressure to sell is greater than the pressure to buy. Thus a Resistance level is a price at which sufficient supply exists to at least temporarily, halt an up(a) movement. Logically as the price advances towards resistance, sellers become more inclined to sell and buyers become less inclined to buy. By the time the price reaches the resistance level, it is believed that supply will overcome demand and prevent the price from rising above resistance.Resistance does not always hold true and a break above resistance signals that the bears have lost over the bulls. A break in the resistance level shows more willingn ess to buy or lack of incentive to sell. Resistance breaks and new highs indicate that buyers expectations have increased and are ready to buy at even higher prices. In addition, sellers could not be coerced into selling until prices rose above resistance or above the previous high. Once resistance is broken, another resistance level will have to be established at a higher level.What Does a Technical indicator offer? Technical analysts use indicators to look into a different view from which stock prices can be analyzed. Technical indicators provide unique outlook on the strength and direction of the underlying price action for a given timeframe. Why use indicators? Technical Indicators broadly serve three functions to alert, to confirm and to predict. Indicator acts as an alert to study price action, sometimes it also gives a signal to watch for a break of support. A large positive divergence can act as an alert to watch for a resistance breakout. Indicators can be used to confirm other technical analysis tools. Some investors and traders use indicators to predict the direction of future prices.Tips for using indicators There are a large number of Technical Indicators that can be used to assist you in selection of stocks and in tracking the right entry and exit points. In short, indicators indicate. But it doesnt mean that traders should ignore the price action of a stock and focus solely on the indicator. Indicators just filter price action with formulas. As such, they are derivatives and not direct reflections of the price action.While applying the indicators, the analyst should considerWhat is the indicator saying about the price action of a security? Is the price action getting stronger? Is it getting weaker? The buy and sell signals generated by the indicators, should be read in context with other technical analysis tools like candlesticks, trends, patterns etc. For example, an indicator may flash a buy signal, but if the chart pattern shows a descending triangle with a series of declining peaks, it may be a false signal. An indicator should be selected with due care and attention. It would be a futile exercise to cover more than fiver indicators. It is best to focus on two or three27indicators and learn their intricacies inside and out. One should always choose indicators that complement each other, instead of those that move in unison and generate the same signals. For example, it would be redundant to use two indicators that are good for showing overbought and oversold levels, such as random and RSI. Both of these indicators measure momentum and both have overbought/oversold levels. Types of indicators Indicators can broadly be divided into two types LEADING and LAGGING. Leading indicators Leading indicators are designed to lead price movements. Benefits of leading indicators are early signaling for entry and exit, generating more signals and allow more opportunities to trade. They represent a form of price momentum over a fix ed look-back period, which is the number of periods used to calculate the indicator. Some of the wellmore popular leading indicators include Commodity Channel Index (CCI), Momentum, Relative Strength Index (RSI), Stochastic Oscillator and Williams %R. fall back Indicators Lagging Indicators are the indicators that would follow a trend rather then predicting a reversal.A lagging indicator follows an event. These indicators work well when prices move in relatively long trends. They dont warn you of coming(prenominal) changes in prices, they simply tell you what prices are doing (i.e., rising or falling) so that you can investaccordingly. These trend following indicators makes you buy and sell late and, in exchange for missing the early opportunities, they greatly reduce your risk by keeping you on the right side of the market. Moving averages and the MACD are examples of trend following, or lagging, indicators. Oscillators Relative Strength Index (RSI) The RSI is part of a class of indicators called momentum oscillators.There are a number of indicators that fall in this category, the most common being Relative Strength Index, Stochastic, Rate of Change, Williams %R. Although these indicators are all calculated differently, there are a number of common elements to their use which shall be discussed in the context of the RSI. What is momentum? Momentum is simply the rate of change the speed or slope at which a stock or commodity ascends or declines. Measuring speed is a useful skunk of impending change. For example, assume that you were riding in a friends car, not looking at what was happening fore but instead just at the speedometer. You can see when the car starts to slow down and if it continues to do so you can reasonably assume its going to stop very shortly. You may not know the reason for it coming to a stopit28could be the end of the journey, approaching and intersection or because the road is a little rougher ahead. In this manner watching the spee d provides a behave for what may happen in the future. An oscillator is an indicator that moves back and forth across a reference line or between prescribed upper and lower limits. When an oscillator reaches a new high, it shows that an uptrend is gaining speed and is likely to continue. When an oscillator traces a lower peak, it means that the trend has stopped accelerating and a reversal can be expected from there, much like a car slowing down to make a U-Turn. In the same way watching a stock for impending momentum change can provide a glance of what may happen in the future momentum oscillators, such as RSI are referred to as trend leading indicators.The chart below illustrates the typical construction of the RSI which oscillates between 0% and 100%. You will notice there is a pair of horizontal reference lines 70% overbought and 30% oversold lines. The overbought region refers to the case where the RSI oscillator has locomote into a region of significant buying pressure rel ative to the recent past and is often an indication that an upward trend is about to end. Similarly the oversold region refers to the lower part of the momentum oscillator where there is a significant amount of selling pressure relative to the recent past and is indicative of an end to a down swing. Application of RSI RSI is a momentum oscillator generally used in sideways or ranging markets where the price moves between support and resistance levels.It is one of the most useful technical tool employed by many traders to measure the velocity of directional price movement. Overbought and Oversold The RSI is a price-following oscillator that ranges between 0 and 100. Generally, technical analysts use 30% oversold and 70% overbought lines to generate the buy and sell signals. Go long when the indicator moves from below to above the oversold line. Go short when the indicator moves from above to below the overbought line. Note here that the direction of crossing is important the indica tor needs to first go past the overbought/oversold lines and then cross back through them.29Silver Chart showing buy and sell points and also the failure in trending market What is the MACD and how is it calculated? The MACD does not completely fall into either the trend-leading indicator or trend following indicator it is in fact a hybrid with elements of both. The MACD comprises two lines, the sporting line and the slow or signal line. These are easy to identify as the slow line will be the smoother of the two. NIFTY chart below illustrates the basic MACD linesThe procedure for calculating the MACD lines is as follows Step1. Calculate a 12 period exponential function moving average of the close price. Step2. Calculate a 26 period exponential moving average of the close price. Step3. Subtract the 26 period moving average from the 12 period moving average. This is the fast MACD line. Step4. Calculate a 9 period exponential moving average of the fast MACD line calculated above. This is the slow or signal MACD line. Sampling Plan The companies are selected from top 50 blue chip companies, and then fundamental analysis is done and then the technical analysis Limitations As we know that equity market is highly unpredictable and its really hard to predict the future trend of the equity so all the analysis that is done just gives the high probability of the trend that is going to happen, it does not give any surety.30CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS3.1 FindingsFundamental Analysis31Technical Analysis SBISBI-I32SBI II Chart SBI-I shows different support and resistance level for last two years. Chart SBI-II shows the aurora star which is encircled.33JINDAL STEELThe above chart shows inverted hammer with DOJI.34VOLTASThe above chart shows two inverted hammer.35BHELThe above chart shows inverted hammer with bullish candle.36HPCLThe above chart shows DOJI.373.2 AnalysisFundamental Analysis As we have analyzed from the list of companies on basis of fundamental grounds. I t tells us the company on which we should invest. The companies are-SBI38From the above figures one can come to following conclusion As a company should have high EPS and so is the case with SBI whose EPS is 256.11 Its P/E ratio is relatively lesser than other companies Positive PEG is a good sign. P/B is less than 1 which says it is undervalued so its high time to buy shares of this company. And on other grounds it has fair figures.BHELFrom the above figures one can come to following conclusion EPS is relatively high as compared to its per share price. Low P/E and P/S ratio which is always good. unspoilt dividend payout ratio, dividend and return on equity. HPCL From the above figures one can come to following conclusion EPS is relatively high as compared to its per share price. Its P/E ratio is relatively lesser than other companies P/B value is lesser which gives a clear indication that the prices will rise in future. Dividend is relatively higher.Technical analysis On the basis of technical analysis one can come to the following conclusionSBI From the chart SBI-II its seen that there is formation of morning star which is a sign of trend reversal. And from here it is expected that it will go bullish. We can also see that RSI is in upward direction which indicates that it will go bullish and even MACD is in favor of bullish nature. So it is very strongly recommended that one should invest in this share and should hold as long as there is a sign of trend reversal. JINDAL STEEL As from the chart we have seen that inverted hammer has occurred long before followed by bullish candle which was the sign of buying but not it has reached to such a level at which it can reverse anytime. The RSI is also high and MACD can anytime go for selling indication.39VOLTAS From the chart of Voltas it is very all the way indicated that there are two inverted hammer and the hammer is followed by a green candle and thus we can say it has taken the bullish trend. We can a lso see that RSI is in upward direction which indicates that it will go bullish and even MACD is in favor of bullish nature. So it is very strongly recommended that one should invest in this share and should hold as long as there is a sign of trend reversal. BHEL From the chart of Bhel it is very clearly indicated that there is a inverted hammer followed by a green candle and thus we can say ithas taken the bullish trend. We can also see that RSI is in upward direction which indicates that it will go bullish and even MACD is in favor of bullish nature. So it is very strongly recommended that one should invest in this share and should hold as long as there is a sign of trend reversal. HPCL From the chart of HPCL there is formation of a DOJI candle which is one of the strongest sign of trend reversal and for bullish trend to come in. We can also see that RSI is in upward direction which indicates that it will go bullish and even MACD is in favor of bullish nature. So it is very strong ly recommended that one should invest in this share and should hold as long as there is a sign of trend reversal40CHAPTER quadruple CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS4.1 SUMMARYThis project is being done to construct portfolio of clients with the help of fundamental and technical analysis. Also analyze their portfolio by valuating those companies where they have already invested using specific valuation model. Then find out whether it is right time to invest in those companies using technical analysis. Also calculating the returns they are getting and suggest for higher return. As we can see we have come up with certain companies which have strong possibilities to do well. The different tools and indicators play a very vital role in analyzing the companies as well as forecasting their price behavior.4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION RecommendationsThe final portfolio that I came up with is 1. SBI 2. JINDAL STEEL 3. VOLTAS 4. BHEL 5. HPCLConclusionIn this project we have found out tha t both the analysis fundamental andtechnical analysis can be used for the same purpose as to build a portfolio but they and completely different. One should not try to relate these two analysis with each other as it could lead to blunder. Both of the analysis are independent of each other. Both the analysis just gives a possibility that which picking one should go for in case one wants to invest. It doesnt confirms the result as they are just expected result.