Face Recognition Attendance System

Face perception attention dustIn the 21st century, everything around us has become depends upon engineering to shuffling our life much easier. Daily tasks argon continuously becoming computerized. directly more battalion prefer to do their do electronic tot completelyyy. To the best of our knowledge, the demonstrate of recording scholarly persons attending at the university is passive manual of arms. lectors go by means of manual attention sheets and indicationed sunrise(prenominal)sprints to record attending. This is slow, inefficient and conviction consuming. The main(prenominal) objective of this travail is to offer body that simplify and automate the unconscious process of recording and tracking savants attention through spirit knowledge technology. It is biometric technology to identify or verify a person from a digital chassis or surveillance video. Face course credit is widely utilise nowa daytimes in different beas much(prenominal)(prenominal) as universities, banks, airports, and offices. We pull up s adjudges usance preprocessing techniques to detect, bonk and verify the captured counts same Eigen grammatical constructions method. We aim to provide a frame that will make the attending process faster and more precisely. The force problem is identified along with solutions and confuse path. Furthermore, detailed dodge abridgment and design, social functionr inter pillow parapraxis, methods and the estimated results are presented through our documentation.Keywords Attendance cable carmate Recording biometric face recognitionFRASFace citation Attendance SystemNISTNational embed of Standards and TechnologyUMLUnified Modeling LanguageIDEIntegrated Development environsMSMicrosoftVSVisual StudioSQLStructured Query LanguageSSMSSQL emcee Management StudioOOObject Oriented1.1 knowledgeabilityOffice mechanisation refers to the collective hardware, software and processes that enable automation of the nurture pr ocessing and conference tasks in an organization. It involves using computers and software to digitize, entrepot, process and communicate most chip tasks and processes in a plunk forard office. 1In addition, attending considered as the biggest issues that may face reviewers in course of action. It takes time, effort and difficult to manage. thitherfore, our nominate will way on online educatee attendance. In an opposite word, the aim of this project is to fortify a clay that help reviewers take students attendance in a professional way.1.2 Problem Definitionpickings and tracking students attendance manually, losing attendance sheets, dishonesty, wasted time and postgraduate error scales are problems facing the lecturers use the existing attendance brass. It is a hard process, take time and gravel a lot of paper-based work. As a result, in order to mould these problems and avoid errors we suggest to computerize this process by providing a governance that record and manage students attendance mechanically without needing to lecturers interference.1.3 encipher of speech ObjectivesOur primary finish is to help the lecturers, improve and organize the process of track and manage student attendance and absenteeism. Additionally, we seek to generates a valuable attendance service for cardinal teachers and students.Reduce manual process errors by provide automated and a reliable attendance organization uses face recognition technology.Increase solitude and security which student bottomland non presenting himself or his friend temporary hookup they are not. do monthly reports for lecturers.Flexibility, Lectures capability of editing attendance records.Calcu lately absenteeism percentage and radiate reminder centres to students.1.4 Project orbitOur project targets the students of different academic levels and cleverness members. The main constraint we faced is distinguishing between identical twins. This situation is still a challenge to b iometric forms especially facial nerve recognition technology. According to Phillips and his co-researcher paper 2 to get the best results of the algorithms your body employed, they should run low under certain conditions for interpreted pictures (i.e age, gender, expressions, studio environmentetc.) otherwise, the problem is still ongoing.They provide application (method) to straighten out this problem, but in order to use this solution you provoke to sign a contract with the (NIST) organization and to be a researcher or developer. For us, to solve this issue we suggest to record twins attendance manually.1.5 Contributions of This chew overWe have searched for a brass that dismiss take, monitor and manage students attendance and absenteeism, send reminder messages, calculate absenteeism percentage, and produce weekly, monthly, and annual reports. Based on our searches, thither is no integrated system back end support our idea.In this project, we are trying to develop such a system that can do all those tasks. Our project will serve students, lecturers, and the university as whole.1.6 Project TimelineWe utilized Gantt chart in figure 1.1, to show a project schedule with the start and finish dates of several tasks of a project and the deadline to occupy the project.1.7 Document OrganizationThis project consists of six chapters. These chapters organized to reflect the scientific steps toward our main objective. A apprise description about the contents of each chapter given in the followers paragraphsChapter 1 introduces the problem definition, project objectives, the contribution of this project, the scope of the work, and the project layout.Chapter 2 provides the reader with an overview of the literature review.Chapter 3 displays the analysis of the existing system, requirements elicitation which includes ( functional requirements, nonfunctional requirements, phthisisr Requirements.), requirements specification, research methodology.Chapter 4 dis plays the architectural design, object oriented design figure.Chapter 6 displays the conclusion that includes limitation and future work. 2.1 IntroductionOver the past decade, taking down students attendance process had been developed and changed.The driven force of this development is the desire to automate, facilitate, vivify up and save time and efforts. Although that the attendance systems are around us everywhere, Taibah university lecturers still use a conventional way to record students attendance either through calling out students names or through a passing attendance sheet among students to sign beside their names. Both shipway are time consuming and associated with high error scales. In this project, we examine to reduce wasted time, eliminate buddy clocking, and automate the process. Our system uses facial recognition technology to record the attendance through a high resolution digital camera that detects and discloses faces and comparing the recognize faces wi th students faces images stored in faces database. at once the recognized face matches a stored image, attendance is marked in attendance database for that person. The process will repeat if there are missed faces. For example, if there are 4 faces missed for a bad position while the detecting phase, then this phase will start again to detect the missed faces and recognize them and continue the attending process. By the end of the month, a monthly report is send to the lecturer contains attendance and absence range as a chart and the names of absentees. Also, a warning message sends to the student if he passes the allowed number of absence.In this chapter, we present a brief overview of face recognition in the background section, relevant whole works to our project with their advantages and disadvantages, how we relate to these studies and how this project can provide near beneficial features for lecturer.2.2 dry landMost lecturers have a epochal number of students and it is ha rd to take for taking or tracking all their absence. facial nerve recognition is unremarkably utilize in umteen institutions to take attendance of a significant number of students. There are m each errors that could occur during this process, including misidentification and self-recognition 3. reader can control the errors and purify it.In the next subsection, brief overview of the usage,techniques, and methods in facial recognition.2.2.1 Face Recognition UsageFace recognition rises from the moment that car started to become more and more intelligent and had the advance of fill in, correct or help the lack of human abilities and senses. 4. Common uses ofFacial recognition get through in hobby storeysSecurity can be crime-fighting it will recognize people based on their eyes, nose and face.Searching for lost people.GamesTaking student or employee attendance2.2.2 Face Recognition Techniques and Methods Many factors fix the process of face recognition such as shape, size, p ose, occlusion, and illumination. Facial recognition, have two different applications basic and advanced . Major face recognition recognizes faces or no faces such as balls and animals. If it is a face, then the system searches for eyes, a nose, and a mouth. Advanced facial recognition manages the question on a specific face. This contains unique land mark the width of nose, wideness of the eyes, the depth and tiptoe of the jaw, the height of cheekbones, and the separation between the eyes, and makes a unique quantitative code.Utilizing these numerical codes, the system then matches that image with another image and distinguishes how comparable the pictures are to each other. The image provenance for face recognition include pre-existent pictures from various databases and video camera signals. 5A facial recognition system involves the following phases Face maculation, feature extraction, and face recognition as illustrated in Figure 2.1. 5Figure 2.1General structure of the face recognition system.The following table compares some of the biometric technology used lately.Table 2.1 Comparison among some of the biometric technologiesBiometric TechnologyAccuracyPriceTools requiredFacial recognition checkerModerate television cameraVoice recognitionModerateModeratemicrophoneFingerprintHighModerateScanner2.3 Related WorkIn this section, we high precipitate some related works that were developed to recognize faces and put-down attendance together with the advantages and disadvantages of each system.2.3.1 Review of pertinent Work2.3.1.1 Auto Attendance Using Face Recognition (by Mahvish Tania)Figure 2.2 Screenshot of Main porthole (Admin Tasks Interface)Figure 2.3 Screenshot of Auto Attendance systems interfaceIn this project, we have two users responsible for the system 6. The instructor who takes the attendance and admin who is responsible for managing students faces in the faces database. Admin selects a camera to capture, collect and save images to database or a folder. After the disposition and saving the process done the trainingSet manager start to extract faces from the image by face maculation.Finally, the trainingSet manager (Admin) will add the extracted image -person- to house or trainingSet. And as you can see in the illustrated figure, 2.3 above, attendance is taken down by recognizing the faces through a web camera and automatically marked in attendance sheet with daytime. The instructor chooses the course ID and the class ID to begin the attending process.AdvantagesThe system stores the faces that are detected and automatically marks attendance.Provide authorized introduction. help of use.Multiple face detection.Provide methods to maximise the number of extracted faces from an image.DisadvantagesThe accuracy of the system is not 100%.Face detection and loading training data processes just a little human activity slow.The instructor and trainingSet manager still have to do some work manually.2.3.1.2 Attendance System on Face Detection (By NevonProjects)The system is created for employing a simple and a secure way of recording attendance. First of all, the software takes a picture of all the authorized individuals and stores the information into the systems database. Then, the system stores pictures by mapping it into a face match structure. The system will recognize the registered person and mark his/her attendance along with the arrival time whenever he/she move ins the locations again 7.AdvantagesThe system stores the faces that are detected and automatically marks attendance.Ease of use.Manipulate and recognize the faces in real time using endure video data.Multiple face detection.Multipurpose software.Can be used in different places.DisadvantagesThe accuracy of the system is not 100%.It can only detect face from a limited distance.It cannot repeat have video to recognize missed faces.2.3.1.3 Face LoginFace Login allows you to log in to your PC by expression at your webcam. FaceLogin ass ociates user accounts with a picture, and then, when looking at your webcam, you can login because it detects you on the webcam. 8AdvantagesOnly an administrator can run FaceLogin and change its settings.More than one way to configure users.Can store more than one image for a user to maximize face detection.DisadvantagesApplications accuracy is not 100%.Adding users manually.Associated risks with stored data and images. manipulations traditional way to access the application.Limited use.2.3.1.4 Biometric Face Detection Attendance SystemsFace recognition systems with time attendance provide multi-biometric and multi-authentication modes. Attached with high resolution infra-red camera works in low light, best face recognition algorithms and identification methods.AdvantagesConvenient.Provide many recognition ways.High accuracy. physical exertiond for secure purposes.Provide many communication models.DisadvantagesLimited capacity.Detect faces from a limited distance.People stand in a q ueue to take their attendance.Screen size.Still uses traditional authentication PIN way.2.3.1.5 C-400 Facial Recognition measure SystemFacial recognition timing systems will give you precise attendance information and stop employees buddy clocking when employee sing on behalf of his colleague-. 9AdvantagesC-400 Face recognition timing technology reduces any likelihood of your employees subscribe for each other in/out.Complete suite of reports.Printable attendance register in the event of an emergency.DisadvantagesThere is no External Bell Attachment.Device is expensive.The face has to be in front of the device to record attendance.2.3.1.6 Churchix Face Recognition SoftwareChurchix presents face recognition software, which takes someones face through a picture or video and then identifies it by comparing it with those in a database of pictures. The software is becoming more common in every day interactions. 10AdvantagesAttending members in videos and photos.High quality photos.Hig h accuracy.DisadvantagesSome people they see as a threat to privacy.Inability to capture all the faces in the video.Restart the video several times to capture all faces.Figure 2.5 Screenshot of Churchix Face Recognition Software2.3.2 Relationship Between the Relevant Work and Our Own WorkTable 2.2 Comparison among applications viewed in the preliminary sectionApplicationAuto Attendance Using Face Recognition by MahvishTaniaAttendance System on Face Detection By NevonProjectsFace LoginBiometric Face Detection Attendance SystemsC-400 Facial Recognition Clocking SystemChurchix Face Recognition SoftwareFace Recognition Attendance SystemDatabaseHardwarePCWebcamPC , cameraPc , webcamCameracameraPC , cameraPC , cameraLanguageCCunknownUnknownunknownunknownCScopestudentstudentanyoneemployeesemployeesanyoneStudentlight-onwhen-the camera startsFast Face detectionunlimited distanceHigh accuracyFrom table 2.2, the main point in our project is to create a system that facilitates students attendi ng process. The following points summarize features will be adopted in the systemThe light on when the camera starts facial recognition because reduce the errorThere are screen next to the camera to display the result of attendees and absenteesThe system at the end of the class update attendance sheet2.4 epitomeAn automatic attendance management system is needed tool for coarse organizations. Many organizations have been used face recognition system such as train stations, airports, and companies. Overall, this chapter provided an overview of some related works that were developed with their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we compare between the relevant work and our own work and show the specialty between them.The matter that has to be taken into consideration in the future is a method to guarantee users privacy. Whenever an image is stored on servers, it must be impossible for unauthorized person to get or see that image.3.1 IntroductionThis chapter examines the analysi s that determined the adequacy of the existing attendance system and identifies the requirements of the new system. Additionally, a specification of functional, nonfunctional and user requirements will be presented to record how the system will work. In the term of analyzing these requirements, UML diagrams of the new system will be presented.3.2 Analysis of Existing SystemsIn the school, colleges and universities attendance system are used to keep the record of a student presence and absence. It is certain that the Taibah University has an electronic system but still needs a manual intervention.There are two case to attend studentsFirst, add students attendance directly to the attendance web page.Second, write attendees names on a paper then move it to the web page.These two cases have drawbacks such as in the first case, there is a possibility to undo the connection and chose the wrong date. In the second case, there is a lot to loss the paper and it is a waste of resources We did a questionnaire that was targeted a lecturer in Taibah University and the number of participants nineteen.The aim of this questionnaire is to determine the satisfaction of the current system. here are some questions and their statistics.As shown in figure 3.1, 84.2% of lecturers do not like the existing systems, we should take into consideration this percentage and develop a new attendance system.As can be seen from the Figure 3.2, 84.2% of the lecturer sees the existing system not suitable for all people like deaf. This is one of the drawbacks of the existing system, and there are more such asThere is always a chance of forgery (one person signing the presence of the other one)More manpower is required (some person to take attendance) To overcome the problems in the existing system, we will develop a face recognition attendance system.The majority of lecturer sees as in the figure 3.3, if we replace the current system with a biometric system it will be successful. Overall the se statistics, the lecturer is not satisfied about the existing attendance system.3.3 Requirements ElicitationThe requirements are the descriptions of the system services and constraints.3.3.1 Functional RequirementsSystem functional requirement describes activities and services that must provide.Taking and tracking student attendance by facial recognition in specific time.Sending the names of the absent student directly to the lecturerPermitting the lecturer to modify the student absent or late.Showing the names of who is absent or late in the screen to avoid errors.3.3.2 Non-Functional RequirementsNonfunctional Requirements are characteristics or attributes of the system that can judge its operation. The following points clarify themAccuracy and Precision the system should perform its process in accuracy and Precision to avoid problems.Modifiability the system should be easy to modify, any wrong should be correct.Security the system should be secure and saving students privacy.Usa bility the system should be easy to channel with and simple to understand.Maintainability the maintenance group should be able to fix any problem occur suddenly.Speed and Responsiveness Execution of operations should be fast.3.3.3 User Requirements or Domain requirementsTools that the user must have in order to use the system and obtain good resultsSoftware Requirements windows7 or higher, SQL and visual studio.Hardware Requirements high resolution camera and screen.3.4 Requirements SpecificationUse case diagram is one of Unified Modeling Language (UML) that describes the system functionality, what actors that interact with the system and any associations between use cases.As shown in figure 3.4, the FRAS has actors named Admin, Lecturer and Student which are the main users of the system. Other actor, horologe which turns camera on to record attendance by detecting and recognizing faces.3.4.1 Use fount Description (Detailed Use Cases)(1) Log inTable 3.1 log-in usecase descriptio n Use Case NameLog inUse Case bit1ActorsAdmin, Lecturer, studentDescriptionThis use case describes how Admin, Lecturer and student log into the system.Triggering eventsLecturer, admin and student enter his username and password.Steps Performed (Main Path)1-System requires users to enter username/password.2-Users enter username/password.3-System validate entered username/password.4-The use case ends successfully.PreconditionsSystem installed on pc.Admin, Lecturer and student must be authorized.Post-conditionsLog in is successfully.AlternateIf the Admin, Lecturer and student is not fill correctly, the log in fails.(2) Manage student attendance.Table 3.2 Manage student attendance usecase descriptionUse Case NameManage student attendanceUse Case Number 2ActorsAdmin, Lecturer.Description

Ruamahanga River Analysis: Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Ruamahanga River Analysis Abiotic and Biotic Factors1. IntroductionA brief description, including an taper of your drapeigating, details of your chosen bea(s), sampling technique and the scientific names of the existences investigated.Our investigation took place in the Ruamahanga river our aim was to find what abiotic factors and biotic factors were at the Ruamahanga river. We spy a high numeral of creations such(prenominal) as Epahemeroptera ( shadfly) and order Trichoptera (c sum upisfly) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosiso a very humiliated number of Plecoptera (st geniusflies) from the Tri nonoperla species2. biology of the Ecological CommunityInformation ab stunned the organisms in the community you investigated. spot the ecological niche and adaptations of at least two species, and rele wagon trainguardt inter kinds among these organisms.MayflySoft, elongate bo bl end up ins,The aquatic mayfly nymphs suck distinctive, leaf-shaped appendages on the sides of their tummy that serve as gills for the exchange of respiratory gases.Three Life Stages egg-aquatic nymph, and adult motorbike which includes two phases (subimago) dun and (imago stage) spinnerCaddisfliesCaddisflies atomic number 18 related to Lepidoptera and resemble small hairy moths, nevertheless their wings argon c overed in slurred hairs rather than scales and they lack the typical curled proboscis of most moths and entirelyterflies. They are mostly dull-coloured and range in size from 2-40 millimetres in body length. Caddisflies are recognisable by the following featuresElongate body2 pairs of membrane-forming wings that are of differing sizeWings covered in mulct hairs. Wings form a roof over the abdomen when at restReduced m pophpartsLarvae are all born and set in motion in the water since their aquatic and the adults are predominantly have got on grease. Adults are nocturnal and tack together on tree trunks resting3. Abiotic Environment explanation of the abiotic facto rs found in the area you investigated.At the place of our investigation we had a look at the abiotic factors in the area there were tall trees blockade sunniness from hitting all of the river which creates an extend in oxygen beca design its colder but in the sunny spots the water temperature increases which causes the solubility of oxygen to decrease.We magazine-testedThe speed of meld with a tape measurer, a stop view, and a nut and timed how long it took to travel 10m from point A to B. Slow conflateFast strike run 1 34 m/s block prohibited 2 42 m/sTest 3 29 m/sAverage 35 m/sTest 1 13 m/sTest 2 13 m/sTest 3 13 m/sAverage 13 m/sThe PH victimization a ph measurer.PH in subdued flow was 7.61PH in fast flow was 7.51Temperature using a thermometer. In the sunlight the temperature was 17.8 and 19.8 in the irk whatsoever flow areaIn the sunlight the temperature was 17.6 and 18.1 in the fast flow areaWater clarity using a transparency tube.Slow flowFast flowTest 1 82 cmTest 2 88 cmTest 3 85 cmAverage 85 cmTest 1 81 cmTest 2 85 cmTest 3 85 cmAverage 83.66 cm conduction readingSlow flow read at 140 s/cmFast flow read at 140 s/cm4. Biotic EnvironmentNote any interrelationships you may cypher of the organisms to be stu glide byd. Consider predigital audiotapeors, herbivores, competition and mutualism.During our investigation on biotic factors we observe that we were catching a high number of Caddisflies and mayflies in both slow and fast flow, which showed usSlow flowing river point urinate of organism found estimate found contamination commercial enterprise relationship of organism monotonic Mayfly68 free-living caddisfly26 charge of organism foundNumber foundPollution gain of organism horizontal Mayfly48 free-living caddisfly36 tell of organism foundNumber foundPollution score of organismFlat Mayfly88Free-living caddisfly16Name of organism foundNumber foundPollution score of organismFlat Mayfly78Free-living caddisfly13worm16Name of organism foundNum ber foundPollution score of organismFlat Mayfly58Free-living caddisfly06Name of organism foundNumber foundPollution score of organismFlat Mayfly48Free-living caddisfly16Fast Flowing pointName of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly78 arboreal case caddisfly05Free-living caddisfly26 gravelly Stonefly15Name of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly98 woody case caddisfly25Free-living caddisfly46Name of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly118Woody case caddisfly15Free-living caddisfly36worm16Name of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly88Woody case caddisfly25Free-living caddisfly26Name of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly108Free-living caddisfly26Spotty Stonefly25Name of organismNumber foundPollution scoreFlat Mayfly128Woody case caddisfly15Free-living caddisfly16Beetle165. Diagrams/pictures of your sampling site.Photo of the fast flow part of the river where we took our fast flow ideamyotrophic lateral sclerosisA picture of our fast flow area where we did all of our test for fast flow.A picture of how slow flow area where we did all of our test for slow flow.6. Processed flying field digital audiotapeaPresented in a table and graph which is appropriate and enables you to distinctly show and the distribution pattern of your chosen organisms in the ecological community.7. give-and-takeExplain why the population distribution pattern you have observed and described occurs. Relate the pattern in the community to the biology and adaptations (structural, behavioral or physiological) of the two organisms stu break-danced. Discuss how environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) capacity affect the organisms in the community, and how this relates to the observed distribution pattern, or absence of a pattern. This could involve elaborating, applying, justifying, relating, evaluating, comparability and contrasting, and/or analysing. In your discussion, include interrelationships surrounded by organisms in your ecologi cal community.With Caddisflies and Mayflies we chaffer that they didnt b another(prenominal) each other when we had them in the sampling container but they do compete for the same food because the both species eat algae and there would be a competition for the food. One thing we did notice was a larger population of Mayflies compared to what we caught in the way of Caddisflies. Due to the signifi bay windowt measuring of Mayflies we suspect that because of the taint score being up at 8 that its a bit too a lot for the Caddisflies to be able to weather in with a higher population number. Another thing is a big predigital audiotapeor to a Mayfly is a stonefly and we didnt see a rush of Stoneflies in the stream so the Mayflies are both dominant or the stoneflies just cant survive in that exceptional area because of their pollution level being down at 5. In conclusion I have realised that the higher the pollution number in an area i.e Mayflies being up at 8, they would hence h ave a higher population were as if its a low pollution score i.e stonefly being down at 5 then there isnt such a big population.A small sample of a food chain in a stream algaeMayfliesStoneflies.A couple of biotic factors are other organisms, competitors, predigital audiotapeors herbivores and prey.8. BibliographyA enumerate of the info sources you lend oneself to help you write your address, written in a format that allows other people to find the information sources.These are the sources used to find most of my enquiry.http//www.ento.csiro.au/education/insects/trichoptera.htmlhttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CaddisflyEcologyhttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflyhttp//www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/zoology-invertebrates/mayfliesBiology level 2 bookBiology scipad level 2Wat is feit en fictie?Wat is feit en fictie?InleidingWij kregen een voorlichting raw waveguard ons profielwerkstuk, tijdens die voorlichting kwamen wij eigenlijk gelijk op heated up idee om ons werk stuk over de Zeven Wereldwonderen te gaan doen. Helaas kwamen wij er posterior achter digital audiotape window pane onderwerp al was gekozen. We moesten dus een nieuw onderwerp gaan zoeken.Wij vonden hot up lastig om loony toons nieuwe onderwerp te verzinnen. We hebben veel op cyberspace gezocht en aan andere oud leerlingen gevraagd wat hun onderwerpen waren, maar we kwamen er niet uit. Uiteindelijk besloten we om de hulp te vragen aan onze begeleider, mevrouw cara cutting edge Bronswijk. Vorig jaar hebben wij tijdens maatschappijleer met een klein gedeelte forefront de klas The da Vinci legislation gekeken bij mevrouw cutting edge Bronswijk. Zo kwam mevrouw a traint-garde Bronswijk met heated up up(p) up up up(p) idee om daar ons profielwerkstuk over te gaan doen. pane spring onion ons ook een leuk idee, loss we vonden hot up(p) een leuke have sex out down en heated up interesseerde ons ook. Er zijn veel verschillende theorien over de Da Vinci Code en met dit profielwerkstuk kunnen wij onze eigen visie geven.Eerst hebben wij de hoofdvraag samen met mevrouw train Bronswijk geformuleerd. Samen met haar hebben wij besloten om eerst de film te gaan kijken en daarna de deelvragen te formuleren. Uit de film en heated up boek kunnen wij ideen opdoen, om te onderzoeken of hot up(p) up vooral uit fictie of uit feiten bestaat. Ook kunnen wij op internet zoeken naar verdere informatie.Wij hebben ongeveer vijf maanden om ons profielwerkstuk af te maken. We hopen digital audiotape we ruim op tijd zijn, zodigital audiotape we ons goed kunnen voorbereiden op onze eindpresentatie. Als we geen PTA-weken hebben go awayen we goed werken aan heated up profielwerkstuk, zodigital audiotape we al onze aandacht erop kunnen richten. We provideen de eindpresentie laten zien met behulp impertinently wave een powerpoint. het up up(p) up verhaalDe aan Harvard afgestudeerde symbologist Robert Langdon is in Parijs voor zaken. Op een avond krijgt hij een laat telefoontje. De oude conservator train het Louvre is vermoord in het museum. Dichtbij het lichaam, heeft de politie raadselachtige cijfers gevonden. Langdon wordt gevraagd om het raadsel op te lossen. Langdon ontdekt stomverbaasd digital audiotape de cijfers leiden tot een spoor forefront aanwijzingen verborgen in de werken wagon train Da Vinci. De aanknopingspunten zijn zichtbaar voor iedereen te zien en toch ingenieus verborgen verge de schilder. De cijfers leiden naar heated Laatste Avondmaal. het blijkt codes te bevatten rondom het mysterie tussen maria Magdalena en Jezus.Langdon bundelt zijn krachten met een begaafde Franse cryptologe, Sophie Neveu. Hij komt te weten digital audiotape Saunire betrokken was bij de Priorij forefront Sion, een geheim genootschap, met onder andere leden als Isaac Newton, Botticelli, Victor Hugo en da Vinci. Saunire heeft zijn leven opgeofferd voor de bescherming trainguard een groot geheim cara wagon train de Priorij de locatie cuttin g edge een enorm belangrijke religieus overblijfsel, digital audiotape al eeuwen verborgen ligt.In een reis inlet Parijs en Londen vinden Langdon en Neveu een albino monnik die lijkt te werken voor het spell Dei. De albino monnik krijgt een opdracht van de kerkleiding om moorden te plegen.Langdon en Neveu komen erachter dat ze op zoek moeten gaan naar de Heilige graal. Ze komen erachter dat de Heilige Graal niet de kelk is waarin het bloed van Jezus Christus is opgevangen tijdens de kruisiging, maar wat het wel moet zijn weten zij nog niet. Langdon wordt penetration het hele verhaal heen achtervolgd door de politie omdat ze hem verdenken van de moord op Saunire, de conservator van het Louvre en tevens de opa van Sophie Neveu.Er wordt gestreden tussen het geheime genootschap Priorij van Sion, die de heilige graal beschermen, en de kerkelijke organisatie makeup Dei.Verschillende theorienDan Brown vertelt in het begin van zijn boek een aantal feiten. Hij vertelt dat de Priorij van Sion, een geheim genootschap dat in 1099 is opgericht, een werkelijk bestaande organisatie is. In 1975 ontdekte de Nationale Bibliotheek van Parijs een aantal perkamenten, Les dossiers secrets, waarin talrijke leden van de Priorij worden benoemd. Onder wie sir Isaac Newton, Botticelli, Victor Hugo en Leonardo da Vinci. Over de opus Dei vertelt Dan Brown dat het een katholieke sekte is. Hij heeft geprobeerd een evenwichtige beschrijving van de piece weer te geven. het up(p) is voor veel mensen een positieve kracht in hun leven, maar er zijn ook mensen die negatieve ervaringen hebben. hot portret van de Opus Dei in de Da Vinci Code is gebaseerd op verschillende boeken en zijn eigen interviews met huidige en voormalige leden ervan.De feitenpagina beweert niets over de klassieke theorien die de fictieve personen in het boek bespreken.Hij verteld in een interview dat de Da Vinci Code een papistical is en dus fictie. De karakters en handelingen zijn verzonnen, maar volgens Dan Brown alle beschrijvingen van kunstwerken, architectuur, documenten en geheime rituelen in dit boek waarheidsgetrouw. Deze genuinee elementen worden door de karakters verklaard en besproken. Hij gelooft zelf dat sommige theorien die door de karakters worden besproken veel waarde hebben, maar dat elke lezer voor zichzelf deze waarde moet beoordelen en er zijn eigen interpretatie aan moet geven.Hij openbaart dus het feit dat de Priorij van Sion en de Opus Dei echt hebben bestaan. Hij beweert dat de heilige graal geen voorwerp is, maar dat het maria Magdalena is.Is deze theorie nieuw of al veel eerder bedacht?De ideologien in het boek zijn al eeuwen oud en het zijn niet Dan Browns eigen geloofsovertuigingen. het up(p) is de eerste keer dat deze ideologien in een populaire thriller zijn verschenen, maar de informatie is alles behalve nieuw. Dan Brown hoopte dat de lezers hun eigen zoektocht begonnen naar de Da Vinci Code en hun interesse in het geloof aanwakkerden.Sommige mensen beweren da t de Priorij van Sion een verzonnen geheim genootschap is. Volgens de Fransman capital of South Dakota Plantard bestond de priorij al sinds de Middeleeuwen. Baigent, Leigh en Lincoln beweren dat deityfried van Bouillon in 1099 de opdracht gaf om in Jeruzalem op de berg Sion een abdij te bouwen. Hier ontstond de Priorij van Sion.De theorie van Dan Brown is dus niet vernieuwend, andere mensen hebben er al over gespeculeerd en Dan Brown heeft een theorie overgenomen.TempeliersWie waren de tempeliers en wat waren hun taken?De tempeliers waren een orde die het Heilige land ten tijden van de Heilige oorlog tegen de moslims wilden beschermen. Zij kwamen in actie in de periode van de kruistochten. De orde van tempeliers is omstreeks 1129/1130 opgericht. De tempeliers waren erg rijk, de mensen zeggen dat de tempeliers zo rijk zijn geworden doordat zij een schat hebben gevonden met belangrijke documenten, de heilige graal en gigantische abbreviateschatten. Dit is volgens de geleerden niet wa ar want zij zeggen dat de tempeliers aan hun geld kwamen doordat zij de grootste avowier waren geworden. Zij hebben het internationale banksysteem uitgevonden. Ridders en landheren vertrouwden het grootste deel van hun vermogen aan de veilige handen van de tempeliers toe. Die vroegen daar uiteraard een vergoeding voor. Na verloop van tijd bezaten de tempeliers grote stukken land in Europa en het Midden-Oosten.De orde van de tempeliers begon officieel met 9 ridders Hugo de Payens, Godfried van St. Omaars, Andr de Montbard, Fulk Comte dAnjou, Archaumbaud de Saint Amand, Rosal, Godfried Bisol, Gondemar en Godefroi.Na 9 jaar later stelden zij zich open voor anderen waardoor zij een grote macht werden in de wereld niet alleen in het Midden-Oosten maar ook in Europa. De eerste 9 jaar van de orde van de tempeliers hebben zij vooral op zichzelf geleefd. heated up is altijd onduidelijk geweest van de 9 ridders de eerste negen jaren hebben gedaan. Er wordt gezegd dat zij zich hebben bezig ge houden met opgravingen in en onder de tempel van Salomon in Jeruzalem. Er zijn veel verschillende theorien over geweest.Zij zouden daar hebben gezocht naar een materile en spirituele schat.De tempeliers hadden als plan om de pelgrims te beschermen naar het heilige land omdat zij onderweg vaak het slachtoffer waren van georganiseerde bendes. De tempeliers waren militair ingesteld. De tempeliers zorgden voor de bescherming van de pelgrims, de beveiliging van de pelgrimsroutes, de heilige plaatsen en de bevrijding van het heilige land. Ze zagen zichzelf als de militie van Christus. Het was toegestaan om moslims te doden maar wie een christen doodde, werd de orde uitgezet. De tempeliers waren berucht voor hun religieus fanatisme en militair karakter. De tempeliers gebruikten veel geweld tegen de vijanden van hun geloof en de vijanden werden gelijk gestraft. Maar steeds meer mensen geloven dat de tempeliers hier helemaal niet mee bezig waren. Zij geloven dat de tempeliers bezig waren om de SANGREAL te beschermen.San Greal = De heilige graalSang Real = Koninklijk bloed findion het verschuiven van 1 letter veranderd de betekenis van het woord. Bij de uitvoering van hun taken waren zij bezig om dit geheim te beschermen. Zij zijn er wellicht achter gekomen dat de heilige graal iets volkomen anders is dan zij hadden verwacht. Men denkt dat de heilige graal de beker is waaruit Jezus tijdens zijn laatste avondmaal heeft gedronken maar er bestaat helemaal geen heilige graal op het laatste avondmaal ( hier komen wij later op terug ). Dit was het waar de katholieke kerk zo bang voor was en kan de katholieke kerk ten onder laten gaan.De tempeliers en de priorij van Sion deelde hetzelfde doel het beschermen en laten voortbestaan van het geslacht der Merovingers en het waken over het geheim van de Heilige graal.In 1307 zijn de tempeliers massaal vervolgd en vermoord, dit had te maken met het rijkdom wat de tempeliers hadden. Geld betekent macht en de tempeliers kregen steeds meer macht. De franse koning Filips en paus Clemens V beraamde samen een plan om de tempeliers uit te schakelen. Zij gaven alle soldaten in firedog Europa orders op om op 13 oktober 1307 de tempeliers op te pakken. Deze 13 oktober viel op een vrijdag, zo is de uitdrukking vrijdag de 13e ontstaan. De geruchten die overal rond gaan over de tempeliers en de heilige graal doen ook denken dat de kerk de tempeliers niet alleen heeft uitgeroeid om het geld maar misschien ook wel om het grote geheim.Wat is de Opus Dei en bestaan ze nog?Het Opus Dei is een organisatie van de Rooms-katholieke kerk. Ze go awayen dat mensen zich ervan bewust zijn dat ze met het geloof moeten leven en dat ze dat aan de ongelovigen van de maatschappij moeten overbrengen.Op 2 oktober 1928 is het Opus Dei opgericht door de Spaanse geestelijke Mgr. Josefmara Escriv de Balaguer. Opus Dei betekent letterlijk Werk van God. Als je over het Opus Dei leest, lees je altijd wel dat het een geheimzinnig genootschap is. Maa r de Opus Dei leden zelf ontkennen dat. Volgens hen is het geen geheim, maar het is besloten en dat is een groot verschil. Ze omschrijven het als een priv kwestie, een persoonlijke relatie met God.De oprichter van het Opus Dei, vatte de doelstelling van het Opus Dei zo samen Het enige doel van het Opus Dei is eraan bij te dragen dat er mannen en vrouwen van alle rassen en sociale klassen zijn die, te midden van de aardse gebeurtenissen en bezigheden, God en hun medemensen in en door hun dagelijkse arbeid go forthen beminnen en dienen.Door De Da Vinci Code is er de laatste jaren meer belangstelling voor het Opus Dei. Het Opus Dei heeft in een interview gereageerd op De Da Vinci Code. Zij vinden dat de Da Vinci Code het Opus Dei ten onrechte beschrijft als een katholieke sekte. Een sekte is een godsdienstige beweging die zich heeft afgesplitst van de organisatie, er ontstaan dan dus twee verschillende kampen. Het Opus Dei heeft altijd volledig deel uitgemaakt van de katholieke kerk. Alle overtuigingen, praktijken en gewoonten van het Opus Dei stemmen overeen met die van de kerk. Het Opus Dei een sekte noemen is dus onjuist.De leden van het Opus Dei worden in De Da Vinci Code afgebeeld als monniken. Monniken leven voornamelijk in kloosters en trekken zich terug uit de wereld. Leden van het Opus Dei leven juist in de maatschappij en beleven daar het christelijk geloof, het zijn dus geen monniken.Zelfkastijding komt vaak voor uit religieuze overtuiging. De Cilice iseen band van metalen ringen met haakjes aan de binnen kant. In The Da Vinci Code wordt de band door een volger van het Opus Dei om het bovenbeen gedaan als boetedoening voor de kruisiging van Jezus. De vormen van zelfkastijding die bij het Opus Dei aan de ordekomen ligt de nadruk meet op de in het dagelijks leven gebrachte offers dan op grotere offers. Ze zeggen ook dat de verwrongen en overdreven schilderingen die in De Da Vinci Code voorkomen niets te maken hebben met het Opus Dei.Het Opus Dei bestaat nog steeds. Ze hebben ook een officile website www.opusdei.org. Het hoofdkantoor van het Opus Dei staat in Rome. Het kent ongeveer 85.000 leden over de hele wereld. In 1959 is het Opus Dei in Nederland gekomen door Hermann Steinkamp. Hij vestigde zich in Amsterdam. In de jaren die volgden werden ook in Utrecht en Maastricht Opus Dei verenigingen opgericht. Opus Dei leden wonen op verschillende plaatsen in Nederland. Het hoofdkantoor van Nederland staat in Amsterdam. Dr. C.G.E. van der Ploeg is sinds 2008 het hoofd van het Opus Dei in Nederland. Nederland kent ongeveer 150 leden en ccc medewerkers.Priorij van SionWat is de priorij van Sion en hebben zij echt bestaan?De priorij van Sion is een geheim genootschap, zij hadden als belangrijkste opdracht om de bloedlijn van Jezus te beschermen. Er word beweerd dat de Priorij van Sion machtige geheimen bewaakt over de oorsprong van het Christendom. De priorij van Sion zou in 1090 zijn opgericht door een kruisridder genaamd Godfried van Bo uillon. In deze tijd waren de tempeliers verbonden met de Priorij van Sion maar door het incident in Gisor gingen beide organisaties een eigen kant op.De priorij van Sion zou vanaf toen meer in anonimiteit leven en de tempeliers speelden zich juist steeds meer in de kijker. De priorij zou onder leiding staan van een aantal grootmeesters Sir Isaac Newton, Sandro Filipepi (botticelli) en Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo zou de laatste negen jaar van zijn leven de leiding hebben gehad over de Priorij. Echt bestaan of niet?De ideen over de Priorij van Sion in de Da Vinci Code zijn gebaseerd op de verhalen van het boek Het heilige bloed en de Heilige graal uit 1982. De onderzoekers Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh en henry Lincoln die dit verhaal hebben geschreven zijn aan de informatie gekomen van Pierre Plantard. Deze man beweerde dat hij Dossier secrets bezat en dat hij de leider was van de Priorij van Sion. De officile oprichting van de Priorij van Sion zou zijn geweest door Pierre Plantar d op 7 mei 1956. Nadat het boek Het heilige bloed en de Heilige graal uit was gekomen is er onderzoek gedaan naar alle gegevens in het boek. Uit deze onderzoeken is gebleken dat de documenten Dossier secrets vervalsingen zijn en dat Pierre Plantard de Priorij van Sion heeft verzonnen. Plantard bedacht deze geschiedenis dat de Priorij van Sion al in de Middeleeuwen bestond en hij beweerde zelfs dat hij een afstammeling was van de merovingen. Pierre Plantard heeft in 1953 al 6 maanden vastgezeten vanwege het frauderen van documenten, dit helpt niet bepaald het geloven van zijn Priorij verhalen. Veel onderzoekers uit deze periode denken dat de Priorij van Sion helemaal niet bestaan heeft en dat het allemaal onzin is.Als de Priorij van Sion al heeft bestaan, bestond deze uit verschillende lagen.De Priorij van Sion is opgebouwd uit 9 lagen6561 Novices2187 Croices729 Preux243 Ecuyers81 Chevaliers27 Commandeurs9 Connetables3 Senechaux1 Nautonier ( Roerganger, Grand Master)Heilige graalWat is de heilige graal nou precies?De heilige graal, wat is het nou precies? Het is altijd onduidelijk geweest wat de heilige graal precies is. Er gaan namelijk vele theorien over de wereld die beweren wat het inhoudt. Elk mens, of het nu een professor, onderzoeker of gewoon een burger is, gelooft weer iets anders.De heilige graal is een beker. Uit deze beker heeft Jezus gedronken tijdens het laatste avondmaal. Deze beker zou ook het bloede hebben opgevangen tijdens de kruisiging van Jezus christus. Volgens de overlevering heeft Jozef van Arimathea de graal in veiligheid gebracht. Alleen niemand weet waar hij de graal heeft opgeborgen. Dit is een van de meest bekende en voorkomende theorie. Het is alleen niet de enige, er zijn er meerdereDe heilige graal zou niet in de tijd van Jezus christus zijn ontstaan. De heilige graal zou pas in de 12e eeuw voor het eerst zijn opgedoken in de tijd van koning Arthur. Koning Arthur en de ridders van de ronde tafel zouden samen op zoek zijn gegaan n aar de heilige graal. Dit ging pas rond nadat een franse monnik hier een roman over schreef. Echter lang voor deze tijd ging er al een mondelinge traditie rond waarin over de heilige graal werd verteld.De theorie waar Dan Brown vanuit is gegaan is dat de heilige graal een aantal documenten waren waarin stond dat Jezus christus en maria Magdalena getrouwd zijn geweest en zelfs voor nakomelingen hebben gezorgd. Deze gedachte heeft hij niet zelf verzonnen. Deze theorie is al eerder bedacht door anderen. Dan Brown heeft zijn theorien gebaseerd op het boek Het Heilige Bloed en de Heilige Graal, de schrijvers van dit boek waren de eerste die met deze theorie kwamen aanzetten. Dit gebeurde in 1982. De heilige graal zou niets anders zijn dan de bloedlijn van Jezus christus en female horse Magdalena.In het oud Frans betekent heilige graal San Greal. Maar door 1 letterverschuiving krijgt het woord een hele andere betekenis namelijk Sang real. Dit betekent koninklijk bloed. mare Magdalena wa s de heilige graal. De bloedlijn van maria Magdalena zou hebben gezorgd voor de eerste Koninklijke dynastie van Frankrijk, de meroveringen. Zij, Maria Magdalena, zou de bloedlijn naar Frankrijk hebben gebracht.Het Heilige Bloed en de Heilige Graal is geschreven door de 3 schrijvers. Deze schrijvers kregen hulp van Pierre Plantard. Deze meneer, Pierre Plantard, beweerde dat hij heel veel wist over het verleden van de geschiedenis over de da Vinci code. Later is gebleken dat deze meneer Plantard een oplichter was. Hij had al 6 maanden in de gevangenis gezeten omdat hij documenten had vervalst. Dit werkt natuurlijk niet mee in het verduidelijken van de geschiedenis. Dus wat er bekent is gemaakt in het boek daarvan weten we dus niet of het echt waar is of niet. Maar er is wel een nieuwe theorie bij gebracht. Er is dus nog steeds geen duidelijkheid over wat de heilige graal precies zou moeten zijn.BloedlijnIs er nog een levende bloedlijn met Jezus of heeft deze nooit echt bestaan?Was Jez us echt getrouwd met Maria?In het boek van Dan Brown wordt er beweerd dat er een bloedlijn is van Jezus christus. Jezus christus zou een kind hebben verwekt bij Maria Magdalena. Maria zou zwanger zijn tijdens de kruisiging van Jezus Christus. Er gaan verschillende verhalen rond over de verhouding tussen Maria en Jezus. Jezus en Maria zouden getrouwd zijn en hebben samen 1 of 2 kinderen. Na de kruisiging ging Maria Magdalena samen met haar dochter Sarah naar Frankrijk. Sarah zou niet het enige kind zijn geweest, er word ook gespeculeerd dat Jezus en Maria een zoon zouden hebben, Jakobus. Het is onduidelijk of dit nu echt waar is of niet. De verhalen die rond gaan zijn dat Maria samen met Jakobus en Sarah naar Frankrijk zijn gegaan. Samen met haar zus Martha en de oom van Jezus hebben zij deze reis gemaakt. Het schijnt dat de oom van Jezus, een rijk man was. Hij zou de reis volledig bekostigt hebben. Nadat zij in Frankrijk waren aangekomen, zijn Maria en Sarah verder doorgereisd Frank rijk in. Jakobus zou naar Spanje zijn gekeerd en begraven liggen onder Compostella.Het is altijd nog onduidelijk of er echt kinderen zijn voortgekomen uit de relatie van Maria Magdalena en Jezus christus. Als dit wel het geval was, is het heel goed mogelijk dat er een bloedlijn bestaat die nu nog steeds voortduurt. Het nageslacht van Jezus en Maria zouden dus de eerste merovingen zijn geweest, de eerste Koninklijke dynastie van Frankrijk.Jezus en Maria zouden een relatie hebben met elkaar en zelfs getrouwd zijn. Het is nooit echt bevestigd of dit waar is of niet. In het nieuwe testament word niet gesproken over Jezus en Maria die een relatie hebben. Maar Maria was wel bij belangrijke momenten in zijn leven. Uit het testament blijkt dat Maria aanwezig was bij de kruisiging en de graflegging van Jezus. Maria was ook de eerste die hem zag na zijn opstanding. Uit deze belangrijke momenten kan je toch wel zeggen dat Maria Magdalena een belangrijk persoon was in het leven van Jezus christ us.Maria word in het Nieuwe Testament vooral als prostituee gezien. In 1969 heeft het Vaticaan toegegeven dat Maria Magdalena ten onrechte is beschuldigd als prostituee en dat voor 1400 jaar lang. Veel bijbel geleerde gaan er vanuit dat Jezus christus met Maria Magdalena was getrouwd. Zo zegt historicus Jacob Slavenburg, medevertaler van de Nag Hammadigeschriften Maria Magdalena was geen hoer die door Jezus in genade was aangenomen. In werkelijkheid was ze Jezus geliefde vrouw. In de eerste eeuwen stond Maria Magdalena bekend als de Apostola apostolorum, de apostel boven de apostelen.Als Maria en Jezus al getrouwd zouden zijn dan was de kerk hier niet blij mee. Maria zou dan de gene zijn geweest die de lijn van Jezus zou voortzetten. Maria zou heel veel macht hebben, vooral als vrouw zijnde. De kerk vind dat vrouwen niet de macht horen te hebben. Als Maria Magdalena en Jezus Christus dan al samen een dochter, Sarah, zouden hebben dan was het voor de kerk een probleem. De kerk zag ni ets in een kerkleer waarin vrouwen een belangrijke rol spelen.Maria MagdalenaIs Maria Magdalena echt begraven onder het Louvre?Is het Maria Magdalena of Johannes op hat Laatste Avondmaal?Het Laatste Avondmaal is gemaakt door Leonardo Da Vinci. Hij is begonnen met het schilderij in 1495 en voltooide het in 1498. In de Bijbel is beschreven dat Jezus hier aankondigt dat n van zijn twaalf volgelingen hem zal verraden.Er wordt beweerd dat van links naar rechts de volgende personen zijnBartholomes, Jakobus de Mindere, Andreas, Judas Iskariot, Petrus, Johannes, Jezus Christus, Thomas, Jacobus de Meerdere, Filippus, Matthes, Judas Taddes en Simon.De twaalf apostelen hebben allemaal andere reacties op de aankondiging van Jezus. Bartholomes, Jakobus de Mindere en Andreas kijken verrast. Andreas houd zijn handen omhoog, dit is een soort dit is het einde gebaar. Judas Iskariot, Petrus en Johannes vormen ook een groepje. Judas heeft een goudzakje in zijn handen, die hij heeft gekregen voor het verraden van Jezus. Petrus heeft een mes in zijn handen. Hij wenkt Johannes om te vragen wie Jezus bedoelt. Sommige mensen beweren dat dit niet Johannes, maar Maria Magdalena is.Het derde groepje bestaat uit Thomas, Jacobus de Meerdere en Filippus. Zij kijken alle drie vragend en geschokt, Thomas lijkt een verklaring te zoeken. Matthes, Judas Taddes en Simon praten er met zn drien over.Over de vraag of het Maria Magdalena of Johannes is op het schilderij zijn de meningen flink verdeelt. Vroeger was het gebruikelijk om Johannes zonder baard af te beelden. Sommige mensen beweren dat de persoon vrouwelijke vormen heeft.In de Da Vinci Code hebben ze een gedetailleerde kijk op het schilderij. Hier wordt gezegd dat het Maria Magdalena moet zijn. De gewaden die Jezus en Maria aan hebben zijn bij zowel Maria als Jezus rood en blauw. Als je Maria uit deze afbeelding knipt en aan de linkerkant van Jezus plakt, ligt zij precies op zijn schouder. Het lijkt in like mannerf dit Da Vinci zijn bed oeling was. Dan Brown laat dus zien dat er verschillende aanwijzingen verborgen liggen in dit schilderij.Wat doet het mes op het Laatste Avondmaal?Op het laatste avondmaal is te zien dat Petrus een mes in zijn handen heeft. Deze houdt hij in tegenovergestelde richting van Jezus. In de Da Vinci Code laat Dan Brown zien dat dit niet de hand van Petrus is, maar dit is niet waar. In de gerestaureerde versies van het schilderij is duidelijk te zien dat dit wel de hand van Petrus is. Het is merkwaardig dat Petrus een mes in zijn handen heeft als Jezus net verteld dat n van zijn leerlingen hem zal gaan verraden. Waarom het mes naar achter is gedraaid is niet duidelijk.Bronnenlijsthttp//www.danbrown.nl/Interviews/Interview-De-Da-Vinci-Code.pdfhttp//www.opusdei.nl/sec.php?s=607http//www.seti2.nl/index_bestanden/Vinci.htm (het laatste avondmaal)bronnen van de letterlijk overgenomen stukken tekst.HDFC Bank Securing Online BankingHDFC Bank Securing Online BankingJames RappManaging Information certification in Information SystemsSummaryThe importance of banking online has grown enormously in the past decade. reservation for to a greater extent profit and emend convenience it is not likely to fade away anytime soon. This also presents some new overleap for the online banking community. As the number of banking online clients increases the amount of criminal attacker provide also increase. The bank recognizes this trend and therefore to say and even grow node confidence and trust they pause ways to keep on the customer selective information and specie safe. The bank has to take on an enormous feet which is to protect customers and lag from the attacker and themselves. The banking security is only as strong as the end user of the terminal machine or the end user/customer using a credit/debit card. throughout this paper I will present key facts and issues of this case then I will go through these issues giving alternative solutions and engaging in the pros and cons of those solutions. key out FactsOperations for HDFC bank had first got up and running during the year 1995 of the calendar month of JanuaryHDFC bank was one of the first banks to set up online banking.HDFC is a indisputable name in banking, 2,544 branches, 9,333 ambiences, 1,399 towns cities.HDFC Bank is one of the leading private banks in IndiaHDFC identifies common key infrastructure, during PKIs infancy, as a suitable engine room to address security.In the Indian sector of banking there are essentially 5 types of banks private sector banks, regional rural banks, foreign banks, Co-operative banks, and public sector banks.Once RBI had published the guidelines on internet banking HDFC started its online gos.For intrinsic risk management HDFC bank used technology-intensive models.The info center and sustenance systems where held at two different geographical locations in Mumbai.RBI guidelines report banks should utilize the outside experts known as ethical hackers to penet rate systems, inspect infrastructure, and test physical access controlsHDFC has made the commitment to bring new products and retract new customers while signing with RSA security, the US based provider of IS solutions. primal Issues1) Improving banks services to captivate and keep new customers.2) Throughout the banking authority maintain information security.3) Continuity in business is essential, how to maintain it?4) What are the security challenges in online banking?5) What are the challenges faced by Salvi?6) Compulsions at HDFC Bank.7) Roadmap the old geezer information officer (CIO) can implement.Key Issue 1 Improving banks services to allure and keep new customers.Alternative program Solutiona) Making the banking experience as fast and expeditious as accomplishable. Bringing street smart technologies to the front doors of the customer. State of the art website, phone applications and ATMs will bring the banking experience to new levels.ProsBy utilizing these impart of communication surrounded by the bank and the customer a very decorous freeway of information exchange begins to take shape.This is a very in effect(p) way to monitor customer transactions and to weed out the unaccredited user.ConsAt the same time tracking customers can be an issue. Unless an efficient, impressive communications protocol is established to track customers through these various transmit it could live a headache and very difficult to manage.To achieve a protocol that makes exchanging entropy over numerous channels utilisation will move bell. The adding of such protocols and policies will likely put the hurt tag higher.b) Taking an strong promotional stand will attract new customer and help boost the banks write up helping to keep those customers.ProsSetting the stage with an effective promotional scheme will for certain attract and unspoilt new customersWhen the customer come increase so shall the banks revenue stream. Bringing a happy bank and happ y employees.ConsTo develop and implement such a promotional scheme the bank will have to put out the money. Cost is always an issue when act to improve you business.Reaching out to people and trying to attract new customers can back fire. If the promotion offends people, annoys people or if it is just through with(p) poorly then it could actually have the opposite effect and could eventually hurt the bank.c) By making use of website, phone apps, ATM etcetera . . . the bank can connect with the customer in a personal, effective way.ProsPulling off this venture will build the relationship between bank and customer. The banks rep will grow and that is a very confirmatory thing.Having all of these channels through which the bank customer can use will provide a sense of anytime banking. Online, no problem, on the phone, no problem, on the road, no problem.ConsIf everything is not perfectly setup than the customer felicity rate will definitely suffer in which the bank will suffer.Ul timately by receiving a bad banking experience the bank could drop customers.Key Issue 2 Through the banking authority how to maintain information security?Alternative Course Solutiona) Keeping the personal selective information, secret info out of the give of non-authorized personal.ProsKeeping erogenous information such as home addresses, telephone numbers, social-security numbers out of unauthorized hands will prevent fraud in credit, debit and account information.By maintaining the personal data in-house it will also make for a more than informed staff making for a better service and more complete work force.ConThis security measure could hurt relationships. The communion of information if done correctly could actually build a relationship and by taking this out of the equation it could actually prevent a great binding.The fact that an employee may use the information for a obscure purpose will always be a concern. The bank has to do the best they can with this type of i n-house problem.b) Using a strategy that employs ethical hackers to attempt penetration on systems and network infrastructure.Pros give give the bank an awareness on which system programs are under fire(predicate) to attack.Maintaining all personal info home addresses, social security numbers and credit card numbers.ConsBy using ethical hackers the bank put its sensitive information out there. It gives up very sensitive information, its secrets so to speak.When bringing in outside help the bank also brings in additional expenses. To hire an ethical hacker the price tag could be very large. A salary for an ethical hacker shows the story.c) Maintaining software by way of updating and personal training.ProsBy testing and keeping watch of your systems the bank will achieve the eventual(prenominal) efficiency.System programs, web applications, data servers etc. . . . all will be extremely enhanced.ConsAs we found with employing ethical hackers the price tag will no doubt go up.It is al so possible that by taking this route the deliberate modification of some admin tools could take place.Key Issue 3 Continuity in business is essential, how to maintain it?Alternative Course Solutionsa) Backing up data, being able to recover if the need should ever arise.ProsBy backing up data the bank ensures itself in times of natural disaster, robbery, and any other type of event that could otherwise cause the bank to lose uncommon personal data.The fact the banking brass instruments have such a spread of devices and applications, channels of communication between the public having data backed up can make for a well programmed system in which real time information is received in a more-timely manner.ConsHaving information especially sensitive information always bring the possibility of the misuse of such data.The data will be stored on databases and SQL injections and other database driven attacks will be a real threat.The cost to ensure the correct sanctuary measures and data systems will go up.b) Making use of geographically locations, having more than one location.ProsLike other pros the bank can attract more and a new variety of customers by utilizing numerous bank locations.The range of people the bank will reach will increase thus bringing in new customers.By having more locations than the banking organization can spread. In doing this the bank will bring in better network joinings and new and long lasting customers.ConsIf the bank does decide to invest in new locations that is exactly what they will have to do, invest. Putting out more money to open new locations, staff, devices, new protocols all add up.Deciding where to put these new branches could also be time consume and costly. If a bank location go through and does not work out it would be like a money pit for the bank.Key Issues 4 What are the security challenges in online banking?Alternative Course Solutionsa) Making sure the customers data is stored safe and soundly.ProsIf this is done c orrectly the bank will gain a respectable reputation and with this will develop more customers.Having this much data and the type of data that it is can make for some pretty exciting and state-of-the-art systems.ConsThis is a task that is a lot easier said than done. If the security systems that are put into place to hold this data is not completely secure data theft could be a real possibility.Holding this much data will bring with it the cost factor. The more data and the more complex the system gets the more money will be needed to develop and implement a secure database system.b) Keeping a close relationship with the customer, not relying too much on automated systems.ProsMaking the effort to still provide a personal experience for the customer brings a sense that the bank cares and that they sympathize in a personal way.By keeping the personal connection with the banking customer the bank itself can tell what the vibe is on the back, encounter what is trending, and basically have a view that is from the other side, the customer side.ConsIt is possible that by building such close bonds between bank staff and open public banking customer the bank opens up the door to insider attack.Employees that king have a ostracize view on the bank could utter trade secrets, banking data, or sabotage.Key Issues 5 What are the challenges faced by Salvi?Alternative Solution Coursea) Making HDFC a globe sectionalization Indian bank.ProsThis is a respectable ambition and it definitely sets the bar. under the watch of Salvi the customer should know that customer care and satisfaction will be at the highest priority.ConsPutting this type of standard in the potpourri could affect decisions, in turn the customer could suffer.To become a World class bank HDFC must transform the offline user to the online user. This is obvious but it is also a costly and very cumbersome project.b) Securing Online Banking.ProsWithout question making the hard transition from offline banking to online banking will create a more efficient better class of bank.If Salvi can make online banking secure than growing into the demesne class bank should follow.ConsOnline banking brings new security risks authentication, authorization, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation.The higher the banks reputation might actually make it a target for criminal trying to make a name for themselves.c) Reducing false positivesProsThis would help to not imposition the law abiding, everyday banker.Over time the false positives should work themselves out and the banking system will be greater for it.Key Issues 6 Compulsions at HDFC Bank.Alternative Solution Coursea) Keeping customers in the automated channel. ATMS, online banking, smooth devices etc. . .ProsThis will provide customers with better services. By keeping up-to-date with the state-of-the-art technologies the bank keeps efficiency at an all-time high.This can attract new customers they like the fact that they can do banking busines s from the safety of their homes.ConsThe one-to-one bank teller to customer relationship gets forgotten about. closely Indian Bankers are familiar with the one-to-one banking, they like the personal service.b) change magnitude customersProsThe more customers the more money/revenue the bank will receive.Growth, gain, and prosperity are some key virtues of a bank and with this in instinct HDFC should always be on top of their game.ConsAlways promoting, reaching out to increase the customer rate the bank could lose focus on what their really there for.The more customers the more problems.Key Issues 7 Roadmap the chief information officer (CIO) can implement.Alternative Solution Coursea) reliable the customer transition from offline to online banker.ProsThis will grow the banks revenue, increase customers, making for a very efficient banking system.This has to be accomplish if Salvi will reach the ultimate stopping point of World Class Bank.ConsAs is apparent phishing scams will co me to light.With the online banking operation comes more security issues.Lose the personal relationship between customer and staff.b) Secure online banking.ProsThe online banker will feel more comfortable when doing business online.This is a step in the direction to become a human being class bank.Will bring more with it a better reputation and more customers.ConsThe cost will always be a negative aspect of any progress.With the online banking even if it is considered secure the criminal element will be more of an issue.c) Evolve into the world class bankProsThis is the goal that Salvi wishes to reach and it is a prestiges accomplishment.With this comes the attention to detail, finer service a World Class elegance.ConsWith this with also bring the increasing of ironware and software maintenance, upkeep of websites, management of data centers.ReferencesBose, Indranil. The University Of Honk Kong. HDFC Bank Securing Online Banking Retrieved From https//cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/acces s/35744031. April 4, 2015PayScale, Inc. 2015. Average Salary for Certification Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Retrieved From http//www.payscale.com/research/US/Certification=Certified_Ethical_Hacker_%28CEH%29/SalaryRajpreet, Jassel. Ravinder, Sehgal. International Journal of mature Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. Online Banking Security Flaws A study Retrieved From http//www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_3/8_August2013/V3I2-0257.pdfOdyssey Technologies. Implementing Transaction Security For HDFC Bank Retrieved From http//www.odysseytec.com/Documents/CaseStudies/HDFC_SnorkelTX_CaseStudy.pdf1

Problems of Working Women

Problems of Working WomenWhile discussing the issues and concerns ab kayoed on the job(p) women, the main ac centime mark should be on the opportunities for women, as it is of ut nigh importance. Like every compassionate being, a cleaning lady has a infixed desire for the expression of her intrinsic knack and abilities even a sm every(prenominal) baby trys his natural guts through his actions and movements. So, if a woman learns roundthing, she craves for expressing it in some way. It is patterna advance that nowa long time, women clear much more opportunities and prospects for the effrontery of their individuality and talents. The services celestial sphere has increased the chances for women with its comfortable environment, where they keep actively equalityticipate and excel, even from a distant place. Hence, if the focus is right, this issue will, hopefully, identify its way towards a affirmative solution.In short we need revamp in all pad corners with respec t to consummationings womens lives. We need to assist each otherwise, join together in chorus to raise our issues, instal them in a purpose to government for new legislations angled at improving functional womens lives.1. psychiatric hospitalIn India, men do not sh ar on some of the household chores, it is women who pull in to cook, clean the house, do the dishes, wash clothes, get their children take a leak for instruct etc. Men rightful(prenominal) took c be of few chores that ar to be dealt outside the house. So the major burden of running the family is on the shoulders of women. It was alright for women to handle all the chores as long as they were homemakers. straightaway with their increasing need for getting some income for the family, they have to deform all the more harder. They have to take up a 9 to 5 job plus handle all the household chores that they handled as a homemaker. Mens fictional character has not changed much.The berth of Indian women has und erg bingle considerable change. Though Indian women argon far more independent and aware of their legal rights, much(prenominal) as right to lend, equal treatment, property and maintenance, a majority of women abide unaware of these rights. There are other factor outs that affect their quality of bearing-time such as age of marriage, extent of literacy, role in the family and so on. In galore(postnominal) families, women do not have a vowelise in whateverthing while in several families the women may have a dominating role. The result is that the empowerment of women in India is highly unbalanced and with abundant gaps. Those who are economically independent and lite reckon live the kind of life that other women tend to envy slightly. This disparity is to a fault a make up for worry because balanced development is not taking place.12. Objectives of the champaignTo study the status of operative women in India.To study the fusss faced by functional women in India3. Scop e of the studyThe scope of the study is limited to the mystify status of work women in India4. Review of LiteratureHate (1978) in her book stated that there is positive change in the semipolitical, economics and social status of middle class functional and non-working women living in four cities in Maharashtra with the advent of freedom.Robinson and Skarie (1980) in their article on seek of working women stated that in the area of stress and its relationship to venue control reveals that internally oriented individuals show little perception of role overload and role ambiguityChandrika (1982) in her study stated that in the last decade of the 20th century the spotlight fell on various specific issues of women, these include multiple feminine identity, gender and sexuality, feminization of poverty environment and sustainable development, planning and power globalization, sex tourism, sexual harassment at work place, Dalit womens issues, tribal women and minority womens tr ouble, womens rights as man rights, communal fascism, women and media. These yielded truly in depth analysis, studies and discussions and action programmers.Seta Vaidayalingam (1994) discussed the problem and concerns of Indian women. According to working women are subject to more explanative problems and pressures then their non- working sisters. Finding a suitable occupation in the first problem right and proceeds it and of course fighting for the right amount of raising to secure a decent job, tops it all, aft(prenominal) having completed her procreation when a women go the arena of vocation are not quite correct, we find to be womens rubing capacity and the usual remarks is adequate. This kind of attitude spoils a womens changes at all levels and particularly in the field of self - meshing with a job come other problematic situations, kinds of people at work especially men. Number of lawyers do not encourage women simply because the afterward to level the office at clos ely 6 p.m. in align to reach home early despite the fact that a in use(p) lawyers office is at its best after 6 p.m. Single working women have the accommodation problem, if working in a city their families do not live with them. One has heard and read in the newspaper publisher of the unfavorable conditions prevailing in hostels which in any case among to act encouraged to need. My own mother has never done a days work despite having secured a medical education from the Madras Medical College. permit us look at some of the basic problems faced by working women in modern-day India.5. lieu of Working Women in IndiaStatus of Indian working women is far from being satisfactory..6. Data Analysis expositionMost comm except used development indicators are work and employment as an economic empowerment measure for women via-avis men, participation in last Making in Administrative and Political power.The status of working Indian women has been shown in Table 1 during the recent past o f post independence closure. From 1971-2001 the overall work participation rate for women has gone from 34.3 part to 39.26 percent, just a marginal increase of 5 per cent over a long period of three decades. Ideal appoint in work participation of women should have been equal to sex ratio of women in the broad(a) tribe of the nation. We are far away from this ideal even after 65 years of independence. Work participation in higher administrative posts is miserably low. Though there has been a cry for equal political participation for women in political decision making, barring a individual(a) exception of Womens participation in Local Self Government bodies, the rate of womens participation in state assemblies has hardly increase by .0.5 percent over the period of 15 years from 1985 to 2000 whereas the participation in system of macrophages in Parliament has increase just by 4 per cent over a period of 20 years from 6.1 per cent to 10.1 per cent. Shall we be able to bring gend er equality in near forthcoming? How long we should wait for bringing gender equality in certain terms?7. Problems of Working WomenAcceptance As Working ProfessionalsMost Indian men are yet to come to terms with the fact that women are alike capable of working with them, shoulder to shoulder, in any field or professional sphere. They still visualize women as individuals who should be in charge of the kitchen and other domestic affairs.Work is either seen as a temporary evil for women whose husbands do not earn enough, or the field of study of women who do not know their place. As a result, Indian working women do not get the respect they require from their male colleagues in the workplace.Balancing Work-Family LifeNo matter how high their position or designation is in the office, women in India are still viewed as the family bus back home. They are expected to return home at a certain time, cook, clean and take care of family affairs.In fact, men who second out around their h ouse are often the butt of jokes by their male friends. This makes life extremely stressful for women who have little overhaul around the house and have to do it all.Travelling For Work is non AcceptableOne of the problems faced by married working women is that they bumnot move aroundling or go on tours without having to answer uncomfortable questions by most of their friends and family. This is especially true for married women, who also have a prosperous career. Their professional obligations often depend on the support and understanding of family members.A married man can go on long authorized tours outside his home city, without raising eyebrows and questions from his family members and peers, but his equally-successful wife would face disapproval. As a result, women often have to opt out of jobs than involve travel or settle for not being promoted as a result. pencil eraser Of Working WomenThe nosey questions factor aside, there is still the concern for rubber of workin g women who need to travel on official business. Women travelling out of their home city for work trips are considered vulnerable and an easy range to fulfill the lewd intentions of their chauvinist male colleagues. Checking into a hotel alone is one of the problems faced by working women, even if the trip is purely official. some(prenominal) hotels refuse to allot a room to a single woman (under strange pretexts) because of their own safety concerns or if a woman decides to stay alone, she is viewed with suspicion.Unequal PayOne of the raging topics of discussion in the scope of problems faced by working women (not only in India, but also in some(prenominal) other nations) is that of equal pay. Legally, a woman is entitle to get the same salary as their male colleagues for the same kind of work done by them. However, gender unlikeness is rampant as many companies still do not adhere to these guidelines and pay women slight than their male colleagues.EducationThough it is grad ually rising, the female literacy rate in India is lower than the male literacy rate. Compared to boys, far fewer missys are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out. According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy rates. According to majority of the scholars, the major factor behind the improved social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. chthonic Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40 Per cent of the centers in states and 10 Per cent of the centers in UTs are exclusively reserved for females. As of 2000, about 0.3 cardinal NFE centers were catering to about 7.42 million children, out of which about 0.12 million were exclusively for girls. In urban India, girls are nearly at par with the boys in terms of education. However, in rural India girls broaden to be less educated than the boys.According to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the old-timer bar rier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in curriculum (majority of the female characters being depicted as weak and helpless). inequality at WorkplaceHowever, Indian women still face blatant discrimination at their workplaces. A major problem faced by the working women is sexual harassment at the work place. Further, women employees working in wickedness shift are more vulnerable to such incidents. Nurses, for example, face this problem nearly every day. There is nothing that is done in hospitals to tackle and address the danger they face. Such blatant disregard of current Indian laws is one reason why sexual harassment at the workplace continues to increase.Also, Indian women are often deprived of promotions and growth opportunities at work places but this doesnt apply to all working women. A majority of working women continue to be denied their right to equal pay, under the Equal profit Act, 1976 and are underpaid in comparison to their male colleagues. This is usually the case in factories and labor-oriented industries.Land and property rightsIn most Indian families, women do not own any property in their own names, and do not get a share of parental property. Due to weak enforcement of laws protect them, women continue to have little access to land and property. In fact, some of the laws discriminate against women, when it comes to land and property rights.The Hindu personal laws of mid-1956s (applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains) gave women rights to inheritance. However, the sons had an independent share in the ancestral property, while the young womans shares were based on the share receive by their father. Hence, a father could effectively disinherit a daughter by renouncing his share of the ancestral property, but the son will continue to have a share in his own right. Additionally, married daughters, even those facing marital harassment, had no residential rights in the ancestral home. after(prenominal) amendment of Hindu laws in 2005, now women in have been provided the same status as that of men.In 1986, the Supreme Court of India ruled that Shah Bano, an old disjoint Muslim woman was eligible for maintenance money. However, the decision was vociferously contrary by fundamentalist Muslim leaders, who alleged that the court was interfering in their personal law. The Union Government subsequently passed the Muslim Womens (Protection of Rights upon Divorce) Act.Similarly, the Christian women have struggled over years for equal rights of divorce and succession. In 1994, all the churches, conjointly with womens organizations, drew up a draft law called the Christian mating and Matrimonial Causes Bill. However, the government has still not amended the relevant laws.Crimes against women natural law records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records vanity inform in 1998 that th e growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010.Earlier many cases were not registered with the police collectable to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.Domestic ViolenceGlobally, one out of every three women faces fierceness at the hands of their husbands, Fathers, or brothers and uncles in their homes. Domestic violence can be described as when one adult in a relationship misuses power to control another through violence and other forms of revilement. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation and physical violence. Although men, women and children can be abused, in most cases the victims are women. In every country where reliable, large-scale studies have been conducted, results indicate that between 16 and 52 Per cent of women have been assaulted by their husban ds/partners. These studies also indicate widespread violence against women as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Such violence may also include rape and sexual abuse. Psychological Status of Women in India Problems and concerns 25violence includes communicative abuse, harassment, confinement and deprivation of physical, financial and personal resources. For some women emotional abuse may be more painful than physical attacks because they effectively vitiate womens security and self-confidence. In India, violence within the home is universal crosswise culture, religion, class and ethnicity. The abuse is generally condoned by social custom and considered a part and parcel of marital life. Statistics reveal a grim go steady of domestic violence in India. The National Crimes Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India reports a shocking 71.5 Per cent increase in instances of torture and dowry deaths during the period from 1991 to 1995.DowryAnother serious issue in modern India is Courts are flooded with cases related to death due to dowry harassment by husband and in laws. In ancient times women were given Stridhan when they kaput(p) from the house of their parents. This amount of money was given to her as a pay which she can use on her and her children but her in-laws did not have any right on that amount. This amount was supposed to help the girl in time of need. Slowly this tradition became obligatory and took the form of dowry. Nowadays parents have to give hefty amount in dowry, the in laws of their girl are not concerned whether they can afford it or not. If a girl brings large amount of dowry she is given respect and is treated closely in her new home and if she does not bring dowry tally to expectations of her in laws then she has to suffer harassment. Due to this evil practice many newly wed women of India have to lose their lives.8. ConclusionThus, while discussing the issues and concerns about working women, the main emphasi s should be on the opportunities for women, as it is of final importance. Like every human being, a woman has a natural desire for the expression of her inborn knack and abilities even a minuscule baby shows his natural guts through his actions and movements. So, if a woman learns something, she craves for expressing it in some way. It is quite encouraging that nowadays, women have much more opportunities and prospects for the assertion of their individuality and talents. The services sector has increased the chances for women with its comfortable environment, where they can actively participate and excel, even from a distant place. Hence, if the focus is right, this issue will, hopefully, find its way towards a positive solution.In short we need revamp in all round corners with respect to working womens lives. We need to help each other, join together in chorus to raise our issues, put them in a proposal to government for new legislations angled at improving working womens lives. A couple of visibly clear steps the government can take to improving working womens lives are pop off higher interest in all bank deposits to womenGive 30-50 Per cent discount in all Rail/bus/plane fares to women slip away strict laws against sexual harassment in officesSetup special courts for manipulation complaints of working women against their employersLegislate leeway for special leaves needed by working womenLegislate laws to curb inequality

The influence of Internet on recognition of identity

The mildew of Internet on recognition of indistinguishability operator elementIdentity recognition has been a hot motion in juvenile years. It is a complicated issue that no single definition of the precondition has been set up in science. The first time somebodyal individuation of percept goes to the public as a scientific term is in The indication of Dreams (publi mould in 1900) by a great psychologist, Sigmund Freud. He proposed that dreaming was an unconscious mind work at of randomness in the day time, which sh atomic number 18d the design of unconditional individuals mental and psychical activities. Thus he claimed that dreaming maintained the personalitys perseveration and personal individuality. Identity conception plays an chief(prenominal) role in human beings beings psyche, he suggested. The society is developing quickly, which makes human beings lost in recognition of identity in affable brio and in like manner in psycho. Problems of identity argon s tudied for years in variant areas, and the conceptions of identity differ. Most of the late(a) studies are conducted in sociology, which focus on study the complaisant groups, cordial phenomena and social behavior. Here in this paper, I focus on the individuals behavior, individuals interpretations of the instruction on the internet, and how the internet influences individuals.Identity is the state of an individuals consciousness of the relationship with angiotensin converting enzymeself, tribe approximately and with the surroundings. It is to a greater extent close how an individual sees himself, based on the accrual of his personal characteristics, personal hirelings, personal set, personal judgments and his interpretations about the learning in and outwards. To determine adepts identity, we need to aggregate ones characteristics of personality that are of a biological, psychological, social, and ethnic nature.(Vladimir Rimskii, 2)Identity is a stable consciousness that exit last for a dogged time once set up. It enables one to be oneself in incompatible situations. (Vladimir Rimskii, 2)However, identity win overs with the environment changes. Individuals take in diametrical and changing information for the modern situations, and this process of aggregation with information get out slightly change the individuals perception on his take in identity. So exists the possible action to coexistence of different identities (Vladimir Rimskii, 2)at one and the same moment in time. In some cases, this leads to crisis because the adaptation of identity lags behind the changes in real numberity.Childhood plays a signifi stopt and essential role in forming an individuals identity, which continues until death. Identity forming is about mental development, influenced not only by biological factors, but mainly by social factors. The relations and interactions among children, parents, subtlety and social life of the community play a very important role in shaping ones identity. As a person see his adolescence years, identity keeps forming and yet changing, for his high time of mental development and values forming. An adolescent goes through a time of getting rid of the influence of parents and setting up self-values in the changing environment. In many cases, these adolescents restrain the line of works of identity because of their lack of experiences in life. As they grow up, they allow set down to shape their own identities as the acceptance of peculiar(a) roles and the rejection of an separate(prenominal) roles. This process will slow down as they enter adulthood, and they will fetch stereotype identities, which are relatively stable. However, the identity crisis among adolescents has been a hot topic recently. The new generation is said to be too cool and willful. They are exposed to a world full of information. They have a bay window of chances to get in touch with different spate, learn about different though ts, and spot whats happening most the world. Therefore, their identities are easily influenced and changed. Also, because of the overindulgence of their parents, they early generation lose some chances to think about life and time to come by themselves. They fail to pay enough attention to the identity forming. Therefore, identity crisis is a very import yet complicated issue. In this paper, I will try to briefly study the internets influences on youths identity conception.Identities in the candorMany identities are perceived as social roles interacting with other individuals. Human beings blend in within social groups. They have more than one role when connecting with others. Each role might have its own identity or tend to have slightly different identity. These different identities coexist in one at the same moment of time, thus exists the possibility that a person might not able to establish altogether his personalities and roles in one identification card. The other poss ibility is that tribe around cannot clearly know who the person is. The author (Vladimir Rimskii, 3) suggests that collective identities of a social group enable its members to determine who belongs and who does not. Individuals almost al directions interact with representatives of particular social groups, which make them constantly adapt or affirm their own identities. According to him, we can know a person by checking the social group he belongs to.It is true that social life and social experiences succor a person to achieve a definite identity. In nine to achieve a sense of belongingness, self-preservation, recognition, self-realisation and other needs, a person will join in some certain social groups by attaining membership.( Vladimir Rimskii, 4)However, humans have subjective initiatives. One may not hope to reveal his complete real information in social life with the purposes such as self-protection. Also, one may fake his information in order to get into a group. People are bound to the conventions of the society. They live in a world full of limitations. They cannot fully express and show their values, judgments, behaviors, and personalities. For example, the Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual (GLB) may not want people around them to know their secrets. They may cover up in case other people blame them for acting against the cultural and social traditions. Therefore, one will not present the true person of oneself in cosmos and we cannot know a true person by processing the intended exhibit of his identity.In the process of identification, an individual may project his own identity onto someone else. He may borrow someone elses identity, or liquefy his own identity with the identities of others, so as to create a new him.Identities on the internetToday, hundreds of thousands of people have accessed to the internet, and have identities in the realistic world. The number is growing at a very fast speed. individuation and the freedom of expression may b e the first reason that people form a new identity on the internet.(Julie Rak, 7)There is no restrictions of forming an identity on the internet, so a person can register an noble-minded identity, do whatever and say whatever he wants on the internet. some other reason for peoples formation of identity on the internet is that people go for to create ideal identities that cannot be realized in the real world. Individuals can decide their attitudes, perceptions, stereotypes, judgments, opinions, assessments, priorities, tastes, ways of life, characteristics of activity, etc. Internet makes it possible for individuals to achieve self-realization and to be ideal ones for a while. Quite different from the ingenuousness, there is also possibility for a person to use a number of different identities simultaneously without using verifiable information.People have been arguing about the advantages and disadvantages of internet on identities. The supportive side suggests that we can know a person better through internet because his identities online are loosely the ones that he wishes to be. Those identities reveal the real inside of a person. People will fee safe and comfortable to chat on the internet. They use nicknames with limited information revealed. The information doesnt have to be true, which protects people from being traced. Moreover, the communication is mostly non-face-to-face. Therefore, people may be more willing to share their real feelings and thoughts on the internet than in real world.However, the opposed side argues that people who get addicted to the internet may lose their identities in the naive realism and fail to bear his responsibilities. They suggest that people turn to the internet to void things in the real world. On the internet, all things, including identity information, thoughts and feelings may be false, which will easily confuse people. The exposure to different kinds of information and identities will not help people clear up their minds. It is more possible to pull people away from the real world along with their responsibilities. compounding of Identities in the honesty and on the internetBased on the discussions amid the supportive and opposed sides, I suggest that the combination of identities in the reality and on the internet may be a useful way to help solve the identity crisis. People base on the reality to face the life, bear the responsibilities and solve problems. Therefore, the identity in the reality should be the basic and should be stable. It defines a persons position in a society. However, its comprehendible that people want to keep personal secrets and hide characteristics and feelings. The internet will be a good way for them to relieve the pressure from reality and try to be another part of themselves. Therefore, the combination of the identities in the reality and on the internet may complete a persons identities and is good for human experiences. However, one important premise f or this is that the internet should be under more control to provide a safer internet environment.To fully solve the problem of identity crisis, more in-depth studies of identities on the Internet, and investigation of the positive and negative effectuate of their influences on individual identity perceptions, should be conducted. We believe that these findings may shed some light on tackling the problem of identity crisis in the near future.NotesRak, Julie. THE DIGITAL QUEER WEBLOGS AND INTERNET IDENTITY. Biography An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 28.1 (2005) 166-182. faculty member Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.Rimskii, Vladimir. The Influence of the Internet on Active cordial Involvement and the Formation and Development of Identities .Russian Education HYPERLINK javascript__doLinkPostBack(,mdbs8hjdbs8hjnhssJN Russian Education high societysljh,)HYPERLINK javascript__doLinkPostBack(,mdbs8hjdbs8hjnhssJN Russian Education Societysljh,) Society Aug2010, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p11-33, 23p, 2 Charts

A Look At Don Bosco Religion Essay

A Look At Don Bosco Religion probeSt rear end Bosco, also known as Don Bosco, is the subject of this opus and, as all saints of the Church, he has mediated in this world the charge of Christ to a multitude of people during his lifetime and most especially to the y out(a)h of his area in Italy. For my part, I did non grow up Catholic and so was not afforded the opportunity to be exposed to and hold off for the long list of saints in the Church. This deficiency is being filled as I become much and more aware, through my encounters with people in various(a) ministries since becoming Catholic, of the legion(predicate) saints influencing and encouraging peoples lives. This particular saint, with his focus on youth, might have been helpful in providing an appealing framework centre on education and spiritual growth especially due to the accompaniment that it was coming from an adult who seemed to on a lower floorstand the need and desires of young people. During my search for a saint to write on for this paper, can Boscos name was presented to me as individual whose situation in life speaks to the needs of people today, especially to the needs of youth who are the future of the Church.During his lifetime, St John Bosco also had to deal with humanityy intrusions of anti-Catholicism. He lived during at time within Italy that was not conducive to publically confirming the Catholic faith. The public State was not solitary(prenominal) awake of the activities of the Church but also actively worked against the Church by promulgating anti-Catholic laws and promoting remonstrance of the magisterium of the Church. The many vicissitudes he had to cont force out with and overcome can be seen, to various degrees, in todays world. His methods and approaches in confronting the anti-Catholicism of his day are also very discerning to the concerns and troubles of our world today.At the time of the birth of St John Bosco in 1815, Italy was not yet unified and cons isted of ten different regional states. The Italian peninsula had unendingly been made up of several independent kingdoms and the Papal States cut crossways the northern half. During the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, the pope had been imprisoned and the Papal States were under control of the Napoleon Regime. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 marked the end of this regime and the Papal States were returned to pontiff Pius VII. The pre-Napoleon boundaries of the other Italian kingdoms were also presumption back to their former rulers (prelates, 82-83). This time period also gave rise to the sentiment of unification of the Italian States and this was cultivated and crookd by the French Revolution and American Revolution. With this notion, the monarchical form of government came under fire as more and more of the populace was filled with the enthusiasm of thinking potence came from themselves and not God. With traditional forms of government wanting to be ended, the Holy Sees tempora l authority was also targeted. This encour shape upd the anti-clericalism that was rampant during the time of John Bosco and it was this environment that promoted the unusual and diverse methods he employed in his ministry. John Bosco faced a multitude of opposition from the revolutionaries as they saw him as clergy. As clergy, he was a representative of the Church who was headed on earth by the Pope. The Pope ruled over the Papal States and the unwillingness of him to relinquish them was a restriction to unification. This barrier made John Bosco an enemy.John did not start out wrangling with revolutionaries. His humble and impoverished beginnings lie in a teensy-weensy village called Becchi just outside of Turin, the capital of the Piedmont region in Northern Italy, in 1815. The death of his father when he was two years of age left him in the hands of his experience, Margaret, who would have a great influence in his young life as well as dowry him in his ministry later in his life. As a single mother taking care of deuce-ace boys, John being the youngest, and an elderly mother-in-law on a small farm, she nurtured and guided John in his vocation to the priesthood and in his mission to serve the radically poor. She was his model in early life, observance her generously share what little the family had with the poorer neighbors and transients, giving not only fodder and shelter, but kind words to salve their souls.The DreamWhen John was ix years of age, he had a dream that would recur many multiplication over his life and that he would later recognize as the hatful and course of his future vocation. In this dream, he found himself surrounded by a bunch of boys. Some were laughing, singling and playing, but others were fighting and using croak language. Losing his temper, he tries to stop the boys from fighting with his own fists, but this makes the situation worse. past(prenominal) in the middle of the group fighting, a noble looking man appeared an d they all stopped to stare at him. The man told John that the only way to win over these boys is with the heart and not the fist. The man then told John that he was the son of the mother whom Johns mother taught him to salute three times a day. The man said he would the charwoman to him and John will be able to do everything easily. The man disappeared and the boys surrounding John turned into wolves and other wild animals. With fear, he turned and found a glorious and gracious lady at his side. The woman told John to look at the vision of his future work. She said that what John must do for these animals, he must do for all her children. In order to succeed, she said, he must be humble and strong. With this, the wild animals turned into sheep and lambs cavorting about him. The woman then assured John that she would be with him and she would give him guidance and financial backing in his life.