Nicolò Paganini

When Paganini walked along the street, people eyed him closely, wondering whether they might identify his cloven foot-a mark of the devil. Once, shortly before he was to go onstage, he felt a nail in his shoe, which caused him to limp s unusedly as he arrived on the podium. approximately members of the audience looked at each former(a) knowingly, for it was widely believed that at that place was something mysterious, supernatural about his playing. Even people who did non believe in the devil were convinced of it. Ever since they confound attempt to get wind his secret. For almost a year, an Englishman followed him on his tours, taking an adjoining hotel means and listening constantly. succession on the road, however, Paganini hardly ever practiced, and when he short warmed up before concerts, he used such a heavy mute that no champion could catch him (ProdHomme 13).Countless books and pamphlets have been written about the secret of his practicing and about early(a), hit herto unknown, explanations of his virtuosity. Much has been brought to light that is interesting and informative, provided no secrets have been revealed. Paganinis deeds must be attributed to a handful of quite understandable factors, as is true of above-average achievement in any field. In his case we are aware of coarse musicality a distinct talent for the violin that included certain physiological characteristics a severe practicing regime supervised by his tyro, who soon renowned the unusual gift and a highly authentic desire to exceed as an artist. All produced astonishing results (Anders 39).Paganini was born in Genoa in 1782, the give-and-take of a dockworker whose hobbies included fortunetelling and playing the violin and mandolin. He taught Nicol both instruments. It would be hard to imagine a stricter father, the boy rec wholeed. Further instruction by two orchestra violinists led to lessons by Giacomo Costa, music director at the cathedral, whose scholarly person soon performed solos there.This was a customary eighteenth- vitamin C venue, as it had been for Tartini, and such appearances in perform were occasionally reviewed in the press. On 31 May 1794 a call attention was printed in Avvisi, a Genoa crudespaper During high mass Nicol Paganini, a highly skilful el so far-year-old boy, performed a concerto, for which he was greatly admired. (ProdHomme 7-8)Encouraged by such successes, the father entrusted the thirteen-yearold Nicol to Alessandro Rolla, then teaching in Parma. Though Rolla declared that there was postal code he could teach him, he gave his young student a warm foundation in music theory, and probably ethical advice as well. While in Parma, Nicol also studied counterpoint with Ghiretti and Par, for whom he wrote, among sweet(prenominal) exercises, twenty-four fugues in p arts. Years of intensive practice under the fathers strict lapse followed his return home. During this period he acquired the phenomenal command of the violin that amazed musicians and music lovers everywhere (Anders 40-41).Paganini stands at the threshold of a new era in violin playing, if later in life he referred to himself as self-taught, this does not imply a lack of gratitude to his teachers. He suffered his very individual style of playing on his own, during his up to xii hours of daily practice, as he recalled. In 1801 he freed himself of his fathers relentless supervision by joining the orchestra in Lucca as a first violinist. fiver years later he moved on to the court of Napoleons sister Elisa Bacciocchi, then princess of Lucca. He remained there until 1809, active as a soloist, music director, orchestra member, and chamber music player. His career as a touring masterful did not begin until 1813 when, thirty-one years old, he reaped such outstanding successes in Milan that the world took notice (Anders 42).Paganini was a compulsive gambler who at times came close to being sent to debtors prison, and who once had to use his violin to pay his debts. In this dilemma, someone presented him with a Guarneri violin so that he could play a concert that had already been scheduled (McGinnis 117).The sensational aspects of Paganinis normal appearances were heightened by a wealth of freely invented stories, such as the one about his prison sentence, for which there is absolutely no foundation. While he played the violin in prison, it is related, three strings broke, one afterward another(prenominal), until only the G string remained, so that he was forced to develop his uncanny ability to play on one string just (Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 1).The later Moses Fantasy is one of his compositions demonstrating this skill.) According to another wild legend he strangled his wife (in fact, Paganini never married) and used her intestines as crude material for strings. Such stories may have been inspired by the virtuosos fondness, reminiscent of Don Giovannis, for the fair sex, which indeed accounted for many romantic adventures in his youth. Stories persisted, dismantle late in his life, about wealthy countesses and others who offered him their money and their everything-stories that of course were good publicity. It is a fact that his profoundly melancholic appearance and his haggard, mephistophelian date held a strong fascination for women, which he did not mind at all (ProdHomme 24).Behind the virtuoso facade he cultivated, there was another Paganini-the one who in private gatherings played Beethoven quartets well and with great enthusiasm, including the late quartets. When on tour, he missed no opportunity to hear Fidelio or Don Giovanni. He also was quite fond of previous(a) vocal music, especially Palestrinas (ProdHomme 24).Paganinis fame was restricted to Italy until 1828, when, at the age of forty-six, he traveled to Vienna for his first engagement abroad. The impression he made there defies imagination. The first recital took place on 29 March in the Redoutensaal, fil led to capacity (Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2).All local violinists were there, along with Schubert, the poet Grillparzer, the Esterhzy family, and everyone who was anyone in the arts and in society. Thirteen more concerts followed, all equally crowded. A authorized Paganini mania broke out (ProdHomme 35). Strauss wrote a Paganini Waltz, merchants offered Paganini schnitzel, cravats, and haircuts. When Paganinis good business intellect led him to raise the price of admission to one gold florin, that silver became known as a Paganinerl. There were poems of fulsome admiration, and the critics outdid each other writing hymns of praise.Until 1831, Paganini chiefly concertized in Germany, residing in Frankfurt on the Main. Some during this period refused to be caught up in the delirious adulation and were all the more critical of the violinist and his mesmerized public. Others were more insightful and intelligence of the changing times (Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 1).Serious scholars, eccentr ics, journalists, and charlatans ever since have tried to discover the miracle of his playing and its effect on audiences. Some significant details were established, but anyone who tried to build an entire system on such discoveries, even a philosophy of violin playing, lost their credibility. As Flesch (The Art of fiddle Playing, vol. 2) said, A publication whose title uses the name Paganini as a sales placard impresses one at once as a specified advertising puff (Flesch 85).Paganini must be credited with inaugurating a new era, not only for violin playing but for instrumental accomplishment in general. The standards he set are still valid in our time. Liszt, a genius, was able by virtue of great effort and supernatural concentration, to adapt Paganinis technique to his own piano playing. It took violinists almost a century to accomplish this for their instrument and to develop pedagogical methods based on Paganinis achievements. full treatment CitedAnders, G. E. Nicolo Paganini His life, personality, and secrets. Dover Publications, 1991.Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina. Blemished Physiologies Delacroix, Paganini, and the Cholera Epidemic of 1832. The Art Bulletin, Vol. 83, 2001.Flesch, Carl. Art of fiddle Playing Book Two. Carl Fischer Music Dist, 2000.McGinnis Ferguson, Hugh. No Gambling at the cassino Paganini. The Phi Beta Kappa Society in The American Scholar, 1994. ProdHomme, Jacques Gabriel. Nicolo Paganini. Ams Pr Inc, 1975.