Problems of Working Women

Problems of Working WomenWhile discussing the issues and concerns ab kayoed on the job(p) women, the main ac centime mark should be on the opportunities for women, as it is of ut nigh importance. Like every compassionate being, a cleaning lady has a infixed desire for the expression of her intrinsic knack and abilities even a sm every(prenominal) baby trys his natural guts through his actions and movements. So, if a woman learns roundthing, she craves for expressing it in some way. It is patterna advance that nowa long time, women clear much more opportunities and prospects for the effrontery of their individuality and talents. The services celestial sphere has increased the chances for women with its comfortable environment, where they keep actively equalityticipate and excel, even from a distant place. Hence, if the focus is right, this issue will, hopefully, identify its way towards a affirmative solution.In short we need revamp in all pad corners with respec t to consummationings womens lives. We need to assist each otherwise, join together in chorus to raise our issues, instal them in a purpose to government for new legislations angled at improving functional womens lives.1. psychiatric hospitalIn India, men do not sh ar on some of the household chores, it is women who pull in to cook, clean the house, do the dishes, wash clothes, get their children take a leak for instruct etc. Men rightful(prenominal) took c be of few chores that ar to be dealt outside the house. So the major burden of running the family is on the shoulders of women. It was alright for women to handle all the chores as long as they were homemakers. straightaway with their increasing need for getting some income for the family, they have to deform all the more harder. They have to take up a 9 to 5 job plus handle all the household chores that they handled as a homemaker. Mens fictional character has not changed much.The berth of Indian women has und erg bingle considerable change. Though Indian women argon far more independent and aware of their legal rights, much(prenominal) as right to lend, equal treatment, property and maintenance, a majority of women abide unaware of these rights. There are other factor outs that affect their quality of bearing-time such as age of marriage, extent of literacy, role in the family and so on. In galore(postnominal) families, women do not have a vowelise in whateverthing while in several families the women may have a dominating role. The result is that the empowerment of women in India is highly unbalanced and with abundant gaps. Those who are economically independent and lite reckon live the kind of life that other women tend to envy slightly. This disparity is to a fault a make up for worry because balanced development is not taking place.12. Objectives of the champaignTo study the status of operative women in India.To study the fusss faced by functional women in India3. Scop e of the studyThe scope of the study is limited to the mystify status of work women in India4. Review of LiteratureHate (1978) in her book stated that there is positive change in the semipolitical, economics and social status of middle class functional and non-working women living in four cities in Maharashtra with the advent of freedom.Robinson and Skarie (1980) in their article on seek of working women stated that in the area of stress and its relationship to venue control reveals that internally oriented individuals show little perception of role overload and role ambiguityChandrika (1982) in her study stated that in the last decade of the 20th century the spotlight fell on various specific issues of women, these include multiple feminine identity, gender and sexuality, feminization of poverty environment and sustainable development, planning and power globalization, sex tourism, sexual harassment at work place, Dalit womens issues, tribal women and minority womens tr ouble, womens rights as man rights, communal fascism, women and media. These yielded truly in depth analysis, studies and discussions and action programmers.Seta Vaidayalingam (1994) discussed the problem and concerns of Indian women. According to working women are subject to more explanative problems and pressures then their non- working sisters. Finding a suitable occupation in the first problem right and proceeds it and of course fighting for the right amount of raising to secure a decent job, tops it all, aft(prenominal) having completed her procreation when a women go the arena of vocation are not quite correct, we find to be womens rubing capacity and the usual remarks is adequate. This kind of attitude spoils a womens changes at all levels and particularly in the field of self - meshing with a job come other problematic situations, kinds of people at work especially men. Number of lawyers do not encourage women simply because the afterward to level the office at clos ely 6 p.m. in align to reach home early despite the fact that a in use(p) lawyers office is at its best after 6 p.m. Single working women have the accommodation problem, if working in a city their families do not live with them. One has heard and read in the newspaper publisher of the unfavorable conditions prevailing in hostels which in any case among to act encouraged to need. My own mother has never done a days work despite having secured a medical education from the Madras Medical College. permit us look at some of the basic problems faced by working women in modern-day India.5. lieu of Working Women in IndiaStatus of Indian working women is far from being satisfactory..6. Data Analysis expositionMost comm except used development indicators are work and employment as an economic empowerment measure for women via-avis men, participation in last Making in Administrative and Political power.The status of working Indian women has been shown in Table 1 during the recent past o f post independence closure. From 1971-2001 the overall work participation rate for women has gone from 34.3 part to 39.26 percent, just a marginal increase of 5 per cent over a long period of three decades. Ideal appoint in work participation of women should have been equal to sex ratio of women in the broad(a) tribe of the nation. We are far away from this ideal even after 65 years of independence. Work participation in higher administrative posts is miserably low. Though there has been a cry for equal political participation for women in political decision making, barring a individual(a) exception of Womens participation in Local Self Government bodies, the rate of womens participation in state assemblies has hardly increase by .0.5 percent over the period of 15 years from 1985 to 2000 whereas the participation in system of macrophages in Parliament has increase just by 4 per cent over a period of 20 years from 6.1 per cent to 10.1 per cent. Shall we be able to bring gend er equality in near forthcoming? How long we should wait for bringing gender equality in certain terms?7. Problems of Working WomenAcceptance As Working ProfessionalsMost Indian men are yet to come to terms with the fact that women are alike capable of working with them, shoulder to shoulder, in any field or professional sphere. They still visualize women as individuals who should be in charge of the kitchen and other domestic affairs.Work is either seen as a temporary evil for women whose husbands do not earn enough, or the field of study of women who do not know their place. As a result, Indian working women do not get the respect they require from their male colleagues in the workplace.Balancing Work-Family LifeNo matter how high their position or designation is in the office, women in India are still viewed as the family bus back home. They are expected to return home at a certain time, cook, clean and take care of family affairs.In fact, men who second out around their h ouse are often the butt of jokes by their male friends. This makes life extremely stressful for women who have little overhaul around the house and have to do it all.Travelling For Work is non AcceptableOne of the problems faced by married working women is that they bumnot move aroundling or go on tours without having to answer uncomfortable questions by most of their friends and family. This is especially true for married women, who also have a prosperous career. Their professional obligations often depend on the support and understanding of family members.A married man can go on long authorized tours outside his home city, without raising eyebrows and questions from his family members and peers, but his equally-successful wife would face disapproval. As a result, women often have to opt out of jobs than involve travel or settle for not being promoted as a result. pencil eraser Of Working WomenThe nosey questions factor aside, there is still the concern for rubber of workin g women who need to travel on official business. Women travelling out of their home city for work trips are considered vulnerable and an easy range to fulfill the lewd intentions of their chauvinist male colleagues. Checking into a hotel alone is one of the problems faced by working women, even if the trip is purely official. some(prenominal) hotels refuse to allot a room to a single woman (under strange pretexts) because of their own safety concerns or if a woman decides to stay alone, she is viewed with suspicion.Unequal PayOne of the raging topics of discussion in the scope of problems faced by working women (not only in India, but also in some(prenominal) other nations) is that of equal pay. Legally, a woman is entitle to get the same salary as their male colleagues for the same kind of work done by them. However, gender unlikeness is rampant as many companies still do not adhere to these guidelines and pay women slight than their male colleagues.EducationThough it is grad ually rising, the female literacy rate in India is lower than the male literacy rate. Compared to boys, far fewer missys are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out. According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy rates. According to majority of the scholars, the major factor behind the improved social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. chthonic Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40 Per cent of the centers in states and 10 Per cent of the centers in UTs are exclusively reserved for females. As of 2000, about 0.3 cardinal NFE centers were catering to about 7.42 million children, out of which about 0.12 million were exclusively for girls. In urban India, girls are nearly at par with the boys in terms of education. However, in rural India girls broaden to be less educated than the boys.According to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the old-timer bar rier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in curriculum (majority of the female characters being depicted as weak and helpless). inequality at WorkplaceHowever, Indian women still face blatant discrimination at their workplaces. A major problem faced by the working women is sexual harassment at the work place. Further, women employees working in wickedness shift are more vulnerable to such incidents. Nurses, for example, face this problem nearly every day. There is nothing that is done in hospitals to tackle and address the danger they face. Such blatant disregard of current Indian laws is one reason why sexual harassment at the workplace continues to increase.Also, Indian women are often deprived of promotions and growth opportunities at work places but this doesnt apply to all working women. A majority of working women continue to be denied their right to equal pay, under the Equal profit Act, 1976 and are underpaid in comparison to their male colleagues. This is usually the case in factories and labor-oriented industries.Land and property rightsIn most Indian families, women do not own any property in their own names, and do not get a share of parental property. Due to weak enforcement of laws protect them, women continue to have little access to land and property. In fact, some of the laws discriminate against women, when it comes to land and property rights.The Hindu personal laws of mid-1956s (applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains) gave women rights to inheritance. However, the sons had an independent share in the ancestral property, while the young womans shares were based on the share receive by their father. Hence, a father could effectively disinherit a daughter by renouncing his share of the ancestral property, but the son will continue to have a share in his own right. Additionally, married daughters, even those facing marital harassment, had no residential rights in the ancestral home. after(prenominal) amendment of Hindu laws in 2005, now women in have been provided the same status as that of men.In 1986, the Supreme Court of India ruled that Shah Bano, an old disjoint Muslim woman was eligible for maintenance money. However, the decision was vociferously contrary by fundamentalist Muslim leaders, who alleged that the court was interfering in their personal law. The Union Government subsequently passed the Muslim Womens (Protection of Rights upon Divorce) Act.Similarly, the Christian women have struggled over years for equal rights of divorce and succession. In 1994, all the churches, conjointly with womens organizations, drew up a draft law called the Christian mating and Matrimonial Causes Bill. However, the government has still not amended the relevant laws.Crimes against women natural law records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records vanity inform in 1998 that th e growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010.Earlier many cases were not registered with the police collectable to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.Domestic ViolenceGlobally, one out of every three women faces fierceness at the hands of their husbands, Fathers, or brothers and uncles in their homes. Domestic violence can be described as when one adult in a relationship misuses power to control another through violence and other forms of revilement. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation and physical violence. Although men, women and children can be abused, in most cases the victims are women. In every country where reliable, large-scale studies have been conducted, results indicate that between 16 and 52 Per cent of women have been assaulted by their husban ds/partners. These studies also indicate widespread violence against women as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Such violence may also include rape and sexual abuse. Psychological Status of Women in India Problems and concerns 25violence includes communicative abuse, harassment, confinement and deprivation of physical, financial and personal resources. For some women emotional abuse may be more painful than physical attacks because they effectively vitiate womens security and self-confidence. In India, violence within the home is universal crosswise culture, religion, class and ethnicity. The abuse is generally condoned by social custom and considered a part and parcel of marital life. Statistics reveal a grim go steady of domestic violence in India. The National Crimes Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India reports a shocking 71.5 Per cent increase in instances of torture and dowry deaths during the period from 1991 to 1995.DowryAnother serious issue in modern India is Courts are flooded with cases related to death due to dowry harassment by husband and in laws. In ancient times women were given Stridhan when they kaput(p) from the house of their parents. This amount of money was given to her as a pay which she can use on her and her children but her in-laws did not have any right on that amount. This amount was supposed to help the girl in time of need. Slowly this tradition became obligatory and took the form of dowry. Nowadays parents have to give hefty amount in dowry, the in laws of their girl are not concerned whether they can afford it or not. If a girl brings large amount of dowry she is given respect and is treated closely in her new home and if she does not bring dowry tally to expectations of her in laws then she has to suffer harassment. Due to this evil practice many newly wed women of India have to lose their lives.8. ConclusionThus, while discussing the issues and concerns about working women, the main emphasi s should be on the opportunities for women, as it is of final importance. Like every human being, a woman has a natural desire for the expression of her inborn knack and abilities even a minuscule baby shows his natural guts through his actions and movements. So, if a woman learns something, she craves for expressing it in some way. It is quite encouraging that nowadays, women have much more opportunities and prospects for the assertion of their individuality and talents. The services sector has increased the chances for women with its comfortable environment, where they can actively participate and excel, even from a distant place. Hence, if the focus is right, this issue will, hopefully, find its way towards a positive solution.In short we need revamp in all round corners with respect to working womens lives. We need to help each other, join together in chorus to raise our issues, put them in a proposal to government for new legislations angled at improving working womens lives. A couple of visibly clear steps the government can take to improving working womens lives are pop off higher interest in all bank deposits to womenGive 30-50 Per cent discount in all Rail/bus/plane fares to women slip away strict laws against sexual harassment in officesSetup special courts for manipulation complaints of working women against their employersLegislate leeway for special leaves needed by working womenLegislate laws to curb inequality