Safety Report on Pipelines

Safety Report on phone linesThis report is intended NH3to permit readers know that melodys atomic number 18 not NH4simply put into the ground and ignored. It testament briefly describe several(prenominal) of the procedures and practices that be in place today to correspond that bank lines are operating safely. The medias influence often drives a negative intelligence approximately jobs and this report will provide a more facts-based address to educate the reader as they draw their own conclusion on pipeline rubber.BackgroundThe safest and most effective way to removeNH5 our natural crude NH6resources is by way of pipelines. grape vines in Alberta have been around since the early 1900s(CEPA, 2016a). all over the past few categorys there has been a lot of animosity over pipelines. A big factor driving this controversy is the medias methods in providing information to people who are often not well-educated on pipelines or their guard systems. The reality is that med ia outlets will often use quackery to engage their audience. News stories about petroleum growths getting safely to foodstuff or updates on companies practicing their emergency resolve plan drills are not exciting However, a rare glimpse NH7at a company bolting product by way of an oil slough, paired with images of coated birds-that is what the media wants to show. That fear-driven reality is what our areay believes to be common.Research for this project involved project for facts on non-biased websites. precedent to attending college, I worked in the oil gas industry educating residents in rural areas about pipelines, the systems in place to protect the public and what to do in the unlikely event of an casualty. The majority of my knowledge about pipeline safety comes from AER Directive 71 Emergency Preparedness and receipt Requirements for the oil colour constancyControl Centers NH9Large midstream pipeline companies operate their own regard centers (CEPA,2016b). These control centers are operational 24/7, 365 days a year (CEPA, 2016b). Control rooms are equipped systems that collect information from the pipeline and associated facilities along the pipeline route. Some of the data that is monitored is temperature, prevail rate and stuff from sensors along the route (CEPA, 2016b). If a leak is detected, alarms are triggered to indicate a possible problem.Block ValvesA block valve is defined as a mechanical valve device installed in a pipeline that can be closed to block the flow of oil or gas by dint of the line ( air tie for Public Awareness, 2013). These valves are placed at non-homogeneous lengths along the pipeline route. If there was a leak along a section of pipeline, the block valves at either end of the leak would be closed. This would discover only the product between those two block valve points modify from the pipeline. Pipelines that cross rivers or creeks are equipped with block valves at two sides of the crossing that can close diligently to stop product flow (CEPA, 2016c). These block valves may be equipped with an emergency shut deplete (ESD) device that can close automatically with a decrease in pressure. The closing of a block valve by ESD would send an alarm indorse to the control center.Cathodic ProtectionWhen a pipeline is built, laid into the ground, and cover up with soil, corrosion can happen over a gunpoint of time. Before burying the pipeline, a protective coating is applied to the pipeline. As a bear out up to the protective coating, another form of breastplate is utilized called cathodic protection (Pipeline knowledge for Public Awareness, 2013). Through replicating an electrolytic capacitor action, additional corrosion prevention can be achieved via electrochemical processes (Pipeline Association for Public Awareness, 2013). This safeguarding helps to ensure the pipeline does not leak netherground. NH10Emergency Response PlansWhile control centers, valves and protective coatin gs are all important to the pipelines safety systems, incidents happen and its vital to have a plan to address issues originally they occur. The Alberta Energy Regulators (AER) Directive 071 Emergency Preparedness and Response Requirements for the Petroleum Industry Section 2.1 dictates that The licensee must have a corporate level ERP with preplanned procedures that will aid in effective response to an emergency. (2017, p. 12).Aerial SurveillanceNH11A quick way to conduct a visual of a pipeline right field of way is by use of aircraft. Great distances can be cover in a short amount of time. Depending on the product in the pipeline and classification of pipeline, that will depict how often aerial command will have to occurNH12. While conducting this patrol, the pilot or spotter is looking for any visible signs of a possible leak, such as a sheen on the water or dead vegetationNH13. Spotters also look for encroachments to the pipeline NH14or any activity near or on the pipeline ri ght of way.Training ExercisesCompanies operating pipelines in Alberta mustNH15 conduct annual educational activity exercises (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). Oil companies must test its emergency response plans per annum with a tabletop or communications exercise (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). Every lead years a major exercise must be conducted. In this exercise, resources are usually deployed to the field in a mock incident (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). NH16 fall Response CooperativeIn western Canada, a spill response cooperative was established. The name of this cooperative is westerly Canadian run off Services. The cooperative owns equipment that can be deployed to a spill. The equipment is strategically placed throughout western Canada in ready to go trailers. Some of the equipment in the trailers includes booms, skimmers, and wildlife deterrents (Western Canadian Spill Services, 2017). In addition to this equipment the cooperative also owns barges and airboats (West ern Canadian Spill Services, 2017). The spill cooperative holds training exercises with its members to ensure a quick response to the spill and to stop further environmental impacts as a result of a spill. Though it is not mandatory for companies to join the spill cooperative, the AER exceedingly recommends it (Western Canadian Spill Services, 2017). If a company wants to opt out of the cooperative, under AER Directive 071, Section 10.3.1., they will have to provide their own spill response plan to the AER for their approval (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017).Conclusion From my years on the job(p) in the oil and gas industry, and from my research for this project, I feel pipelines are still the safest way to move petroleum products. There are slightly 3.4 million barrels NH17of oil moved through pipelines daily in Canada (CEPA,2016d). Between the years of 2002 and 2015, 99.999% of all product (crude and natural gas) was safely transported via pipelines (CEPA,2016d). With the safety protocols that were briefly discussed in this report, the oil and gas industry works grueling to ensure that there are no pipeline leaks. These practices, coupled with the regulations, ensure pipeline spills are a rare occurrence.NH19Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016d). About pipelines. Retried from https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-facts/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016c). environmental protection. Retrievedfrom https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/environmental-protection/water/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016b). Pipeline control rooms and safety.Retrieved from https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/blog/pipeline-control-rooms-and-safety/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016a). Pipeline history. Retrieved fromhttps//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-history/Government of AlbertaNH20. (2015). Pipeline Act Pipeline Rules. Queens Printer.Pipeline Association for Public Awareness. (2013). Glos sary of terms. Retrieved fromhttp//www.pipelineawareness.org/residents-businesses/glossary/Western Canadian Spill Services. (2017). The WCSS Purpose. Retrieved fromhttp//wcss.ab.ca/index.aspNH1I changed your font to Calibri because I have a individual(prenominal) hatred for Times New Roman LOL you can change it back if you want.NH2Main headings are centered and bold.NH3Too passive, so I changed itNH4Never use the word just. Ever.NH5Move or remove? MOVENH6Added petroleum because all I could envisage about was giant ass trees being fed into a pipeline for transport.NH7I took some liberties with your wording hope thats okay I used track changes, so just decline anything you dont like, or if I misinterpreted it. YOURE THE BEST SWEETIENH8Can that part be deleted? YUPNH9Secondary headings are left-adjust, and bold.NH10Yiiiiiikes, what was all that? The rest of your opus is not quite this scientific so it kind of stands out like a excited thumb, I took a stab at summarizing what thos e deleted sentences were saying. But thats too a good deal detail for your paper, I thinkNH11You have no references for this section stemma ACTNH12Pretty specific to leave without a citation.NH13These specifics desire a citation. THIS WAS MY familiarityNH14Again, citation required. THIS WAS MY KNOWLEDGENH15This sentence indicates an obligation, thus needs a citation. Is it AER Dir 071? YES D71 14.10NH16I think youre implying that the training exercises are a requirement of the Dir. 071 so I cited that.NH17Facts need citation. Always https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-facts/NH18This always goes onto its own page.NH19Make sure none of your hyperlinks are active when you submit your page. Thats a no-no.NH20This doesnt show up in your paper anywhere? THE AERIAL SURVEILLANCE